Abstract
The last notable extension of the Roman boundaries beyond the limits fixed by Augustus took place in the reign of the warrior-prince Trajan. Under his successors the frontiers underwent rectifications here and there, but the further additions to Roman territory were insignificant. The area of the Roman Empire in the middle of the second century may be estimated at about 1,700,000 square miles. Before looking in more detail at the various changes that were made we may consider broader outlines of policy.
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Notes and References
On the Arabian frontier see G. Macdonald, Antiquity 1934, 373 ff.
On the problems, including chronological, of these wars see A. Birley, Marcus Aurelius (1966), esp. 323 ff.
On the German frontier-defences see B. W. Henderson, Five Roman Emperors (1927), 117 ff.
For a possible earlier date for the arrival of the Brittones see H. Schonberger, JRS 1969, 167, and, for recent archaeological evidence for the limes at this period, op. cit. 164 ff.
On the Antonine Wall see Sir George Macdonald, The Roman Wall in Scotland2 (1934);
A. S. Robertson, The Antonine Wall (1960); Frere, op. cit., ch. 8. Ordnance Survey map (1969).
On the civilian population of the area of the two Walls see P. Salway, The Frontier People of Roman Britain (1965).
On the fluctuations of Roman control of Scotland in the Antonine and Severan periods see B. R. Hartley, Britannia 1972, 1 ff.
See J. W. Eadie, JRS 1967, 161 ff.
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© 1975 The representatives of the estate of the late M. Cary and H. H. Scullard
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Cary, M., Scullard, H.H. (1975). The ‘Five Good Emperors’. External Affairs. In: A History of Rome. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02415-5_38
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02415-5_38
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