Abstract
The conflict between King and Queen dragged on. The affair continued to demand the attention of both Houses and to prejudice the chances of survival of the government. On three occasions during this year, parliament was to be obliged to debate the question of the inclusion of the Queen’s name in the liturgy, and the current of social unrest which accompanied these debates was not to subside until the Queen’s death on 7 August 1821. As members gathered early in the year for the opening of the new session, the whigs were optimistic about their chances of a return to power. The ministry had lost the confidence of the King because of the manner in which it had handled the royal scandal. The able George Canning had felt it necessary to resign his Presidency of the Board of Control. In addition, the tories were extremely unpopular in the country at large. Liverpool’s administration had clearly reached a major turning point.
He dreaded the possibility of a conflict of which they had already seen some symptoms between the landed and the funded proprietor, as to the share which each should bear in the general calamity … One of the most baneful consequences, first of the vast creation of monied capital by the paper system; and secondly, of the great comparative depreciation of all other property, was, the increased influence of the monied interests on the institutions and government of the country.
Edward Ellice
House of Commons, 9 April 1821
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Notes
On the revival in Manchester, see Arthur Redford, Manchester Merchants and Foreign Trade, 1794–1858 (1934; Manchester University Press, 1973) 74–6.
See John Craig, Remarks on some fundamental doctrines of political economy … (Edinburgh, 1821);
Piercy Ravenstone, A few doubts as to the correctness of some opinions generally entertained on the subjects of population and political economy (London, 1821);
Anon, ‘Mill’s Elements of Political Economy’, The British Critic, XVII (February 1822) 130–47;
and Anon, ‘Mill’s Elements of Political Economy’, Monthly Review, XCVIII (May 1822) 13–25.
For discussion of Attwood’s ideas and influence consult Thomas Attwood, Selected Economic Writings (intro. by F. W. Fetter) (London School of Economics, 1964);
S. G. Checkland, ‘The Birmingham Economists, 1815–1850’, Economic History Review (2nd series) I, 1 (1948) 1–19;
R. G. Link, English Theories of Economic Fluctuations 1815–1848 (N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1959);
B. A. Corry, Money, Saving and Investment in English Economics, 1800–1850 (London: Macmillan, 1962);
and G. D. H. Cole, Chartist Portraits (N.Y.: Macmillan, 1965) 102–32.
A full-length study is S. G. Checkland, The Gladstones: A Family Biography, 1764–1851 (Cambridge University Press, 1971).
These included: Sir Solly, Considerations on Political Economy (London, 1821), esp. 65–9;
Sir Egerton Brydges, What are Riches? (Geneva, 1821)
and James Syme, The Principles of Political Economy applied to the financial state of Great Britain (London, 1821) esp. Chapter 3, Sect. 9.
See also A. Hope-Jones, Income Tax in the Napoleonic Wars (Cambridge, 1939);
A. Farnsworth, Addington, Author of the Modern Income Tax (London, 1951);
F. Shehab, Progressive Taxation (Oxford, 1953).
This plan is discussed in W. D. Grampp, The Manchester School of Economics (Stanford University Press, 1960) 17–19.
Also of interest is William Smart, Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century, 2 vols (London, 1910–15; republished, N.Y., 1964) II, 6–18.
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© 1976 Barry Gordon
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Gordon, B. (1976). 1821: Fundholders and Landholders. In: Political Economy in Parliament 1819–1823. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02119-2_9
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