Abstract
In the history of demand analysis two threads, related but separable, can be discerned. These are first the work of economists interested in the discovery of general laws governing the operation of markets, particularly agricultural markets; and second the work of those, originally statisticians, interested in the psychological laws governing what has come to be called consumer preference. This dichotomy continues to characterise the subject. As computing opportunities and skills have expanded, empirical research has produced more sophisticated demand equations while, at the same time, theoretical economists and mathematicians have enormously increased our knowledge of the pure mathematics of preference relations. While these two activities have not always been in balance, the great strength of empirical demand analysis has been the existence of strong theoretical foundations which could be drawn upon or modified as practice demanded. This interplay between the theory and reality has been perhaps more fruitful in this than in any other branch of economics.
The authors are indebted to many colleagues for help and discussion but in particular wish to record their gratitude to Richard Stone and to the editors of this Journal. The greater part of Sections III and V was written by Brown while Section IV was written by Deaton; otherwise the authors accept joint responsibility.
Our coverage is of the applications of models of consumer behaviour; attention is paid to the theory of consumer demand only in so far as it is relevant to applied work. We thus do not cover the welfare aspects of consumer theory and this is taken to include the problems of index numbers of the cost of living. Readers interested in the latter may refer to items [77], [201] and [81] in the bibliography; modern developments in the pure theory of consumer preference are well covered in the symposium [37]. For different reasons, mainly those relating to space, we are not concerned with the consumption function itself but only with the allocation of total expenditure over different goods.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Bibliography
Aitchison, J., and J. A. C. Brown, “A Synthesis of Engel Curve Theory,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 22, 1954–55.
Aitchison, J., and J. A. C. Brown, The Lognormal Distribution, Cambridge University Press, 1957.
Allen, R. G. D., and A. Bowley, Family Expenditure, P. S. King and Son, London, 1935.
Allen, R. G. D., and J. R. Hicks, “A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value,” Economica, Vol. 1, 1934.
Allen, R. G. D., Mathematical Analysis for Economists, Macmillan, London, 1947.
Arrow, K.J., “Additive Logarithmic Demand Functions and the Slutsky Conditions,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 28, 1960–61.
Bain, A. D., The Growth of Television Ownership in the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 1964.
Barten, A. P., “Consumer Demand Functions under Conditions of Almost Additive Preferences,” Econometrica, Vol. 32, 1964.
Barten, A. P., “Family Composition, Prices and Expenditure Patterns,” in Econometric Analysis for National Economic Planning, P. E. Hart, G. Mills and J. K. Whitaker (eds.), Butterworth, 1964.
Barten, A. P., and S. J. Turnovsky, “Some Aspects of the Aggregation Problem for Composite Demand Equations,” International Economic Review, Vol. 7, 1966.
Barten, A. P., “Evidence on the Slutsky Conditions for Demand Equations,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 49, 1967.
Barten, A. P., “Estimating Demand Equations,” Econometrica, Vol. 36, 1968.
Barten, A. P., T. Klock, and F. B. Lempers, “A Note on a Class of Utility and Production Functions Yielding Everywhere Differentiable Demand Functions,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 36, 1969.
Barten, A. P., “Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Complete System of Demand Equations,” European Economic Review, Vol. 1, 1969.
Barten, A. P., “Réflexions sur la construction d’un système empirique des fonctions de demande,” Cahiers du Séminaire d’Économétrie, No. 12, 1970.
Bartlett, M. S., “The Use of Transformations,” Biometrics, Vol. 3, 1947.
Baschet, J., and P. Debreu, “Systèmes de lois de demande: une comparaison internationale,” Annales de l’I.X S.E.E. (Insti tut national de la statistique et des études économiques), No. 6, 1971.
Baxter, R. D., The Budget and the Income Tax, Macmillan, London, 1860.
Benini, R., “Sull’uso delle formole empiriche nell’economia applicata,” Giornale degli economists, 2nd series, Vol. 35, 1907.
Bergson (Burk), A., “Real Income, Expenditure Proportionality, and Frisch’s ‘New Methods of Measuring Marginal Utility,’” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 4, 1936.
Bernouilli, D., “Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis,” Commentorii academiae Scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae, 1738. (English translation by L. Sommer, “Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk,” Econometrica, Vol. 22, 1954.)
Betancourt, R. R., “The Estimation of Price Elasticities from Cross Section Data under Additive Preferences,” International Economic Review, Vol. 12, 1971.
Bonus, H., Die Ausbreitung des Fernsehens, Anton Hain, Meisenham am Glan, 1968.
Boulding, K. E., A Reconstruction of Economics, John Wiley, New York, 1950.
Brown, J. A. C., “The Consumption of Food in Relation to Household Composition and Income,” Econometrica, Vol. 22, 1954.
Brown, J. A. C., “Economics, Nutrition, and Family Budgets,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol. 14, 1955.
Brown, J. A. C., “On the Use of Covariance Technique in Demand Analysis,” FAO/ECE Study Group on the Demand for Agricultural Products, 1958 (mimeographed).
Brown, J. A. C., “Seasonality and Elasticity of Demand for Food in Great Britain since Derationing,” Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 13, 1958.
Brown, M. and D. M. Heien, “The S-branch Utility Tree: a Generalization of the Linear Expenditure System,” State University of New York at Buffalo, Economics Department Discussion Paper, No. 18, 1968 (mimeographed).
Brown, T. M., “Habit Persistence and Lags in Consumer Behaviour,” Econometrica, Vol. 32, 1952.
Byron, R. P., “Methods for Estimating Demand Equations using Prior Information: a Series of Experiments with Australian Data,” Australian Economic Papers, Vol. 7, 1968.
Byron, R. P., “A Simple Method for Estimating Demand Systems under Separable Utility Assumptions,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 37, 1970.
Byron, R. P., “The Restricted Aitken Estimation of Sets of Demand Relations,” Econometrica, Vol. 38, 1970.
Cambridge, Department of Applied Economics, A Programme for Growth, Vols 1–11, Chapman and Hall, London, 1962–71.
Champernowne, D. G., “The General Form of the Adding-up Criterion,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 120, 1957.
Champernowne, D. G., Uncertainty and Estimation in Economics, Vol. 2, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1969.
Chipman, J. S., L. Hurwitz, M. K. Richter, and H. F. Sonnenschein (eds.), Preferences,Utility and Demand, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971.
Cole, D. E., “The Income, Expenditure and Saving of Old People Households in Cambridgeshire,” Proceedings of the Fourth Congress International Association of Gerontology, 1957.
Cournot, A. A., Récherches sur les Principes Mathématique de la Théorie des Richesses, L. Hachette, Paris, 1838. (English translation by N. T. Bacon, Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth, Macmillan, New York, 1897.)
Court, L. M., “Entrepreneurial and Consumer Demand Theories for Commodity Spectra,” Econometrica, Vol. 9, 1941.
Court, R. H., “Utility Maximization and the Demand for New Zealand Meats,” Econometrica, Vol. 35, 1967.
Cramer, J. S., “A Dynamic Approach to the Theory of Consumer Demand,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 24, 1956–57.
Cramer, J. S., “Ownership Elasticities of Durable Consumer Goods,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 25, 1957–58.
Cramer, J. S., “The Depreciation and Mortality of Motor Cars,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 121, 1958.
Cramer, J. S., “Private Motoring and the Demand for Petrol,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 122, 1959.
Cramer, J. S., A Statistical Model of the Ownership of Major Consumer Durables with an Application to Some Findings of the 1953 Oxford Savings Survey, Cambridge University Press, 1962.
Dahlman, C. J., and A. Klevmarken, Den Privata Konsumtionen 1931–1975, Uppsala, 1971.
Davenant, C., An Essay upon the Probable Methods of Making a People Gainers in the Balance of Trade, London, 1699.
Deaton, A. S., and K. J. Wigley, “Econometric Models for the Personal Sector,” Bulletin of the Oxford Institute of Statistics, Vol. 33, 1971.
Deaton, A. S., “The Estimation and Testing of Systems of Demand Equations,” European Economic Review, forthcoming.
Deaton, A. S., “The Analysis of Consumer Demand in the United Kingdom, 1900–1970,” Cambridge University Department of Applied Economics working paper, 1972 (mimeographed).
Dhrymes, P. J., “On a Class of Utility and Production Functions yielding Everywhere Differentiable Demand Functions,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 34, 1967.
Dieterici, K. F. W., Statistische Übersicht der wichtigsten Gegestände des Verkehrs und Verbrauchs im preussischen Staate und im deutschen Zollverbande, Berlin, 1838–57.
Divisia, F., “L’indice monétaire et la théorie de la monnaie,” Revue d’Économie Politique, Vol. 39, 1925.
Downie, J., “A Note on the Demand for Food,” economic journal, Vol. 62, 1952.
Ducpetiaux, E., Budgets Économiques des Classe Ouvriires en Belgique, Brussels, 1855.
Durbin, J., “A Note on Regression when there is Extraneous Information about one o the Coefficients,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 48, 1953.
Edgeworth, F. Y., Mathematical Psychics, Kegan Paul, London, 1881.
Engel, E., “Die productions- und consumptionsverhältnisse des Königreichs Sächsen,” in Zeitschrift des Statischen Bureaus des Königlich Sächsischen Ministerium des Inneren, Nos. 8 and 9, 1857 (reprinted in Bulletin de l’Institut International de Statistique, Vol. 9, 1895).
Ezekiel, M., Methods of Correlation Analysis, John Wiley, New York, 1930.
Ezekiel, M., and K. A. Fox, Methods of Correlation and Regression Analysis, John Wiley, New York, 1959.
Farrell, M. J., “Irreversible Demand Functions,” Econometrica, Vol. 20, 1952.
Farrell, M. J., “Some Aggregation Problems in Demand Analysis,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 21, 1953–54.
Farrell, M. J., “The Demand for Motor Cars in the United States,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 117, 1954.
Feige, E. L., “Expectations and Adjustments in the Monetary Sector,” American Economic Review (papers and proceedings), 1967.
Finney, D. J., Probit Analysis. A Statistical Treatment of the Sigmoid Response Curve, Cambridge University Press, 1947 (2nd ed. 1952).
Fisher, I., “Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices,” Transactions of Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 9, 1892. (Augustus M. Kelley, New York, 1965.)
Fisk, P. R., “Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Törnqvist Demand Equations,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 26, 1958–59.
Fletcher, R., and M. J. D. Powell, “A Rapidly Convergent Descent Method of Minimization,” Computer Journal, Vol. 6, 1963.
Fletcher, R., and G. M. Reeves, “Functional Minimization by Conjugate Gradients,” Computer Journal, Vol. 7, 1964.
Forsyth, F. G., “The Relationship between Family Size and Family Expenditure,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 123, 1960.
Fourgéaud, C., and A. Nataf, “Consommation en prix et revenu réels et theorie des choix,” Econometrica, Vol. 27, 1959.
Fox, K. A., “A Submodel of the Agricultural Sector,” in The Brookings Quarterly Econometric Model of the United States, J. S. Duesenberry, G. Fromm, L. R. Klein, E. Kuh (eds.), North-Holland, 1965.
Friedman, M., “Professor Pigou’s Method for Measuring Elasticities of Demand from Budgetary Data,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 50, 1935–36.
Frisch, R., New Methods of Measuring Marginal Utility, J. C. B. Mohr, Tübingen, 1932.
Frisch, R., Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems, Publication No. 5 of the Universitetets ÿ konomiske Institutt, Oslo, 1934.
Frisch, R., “Annual Survey of Economic Theory: the Problem of Index Numbers,” Econometrica, Vol. 4, 1936.
Frisch, R., “Linear Expenditure Functions, an Expository Article,” Econometrica, Vol. 22, 1954.
Frisch, R., “A Complete Scheme for Computing all Direct and Cross Demand Elasticities in a Model with Many Sectors,” Econometrica, Vol. 27, 1959.
Geary, R. C., “A Note on ‘A Constant Utility Index of the Cost of Living,’” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 17, 1950–51.
Goldberger, A. S., “Functional Form and Utility: a Review of Consumer Demand Theory,” Social Systems Research Institute, University of Wisconsin: Systems Formulation, Methodology, and Policy Workshop Paper No. 6703, 1967 (mimeographed).
Goldberger, A. S., “Directly Additive Utility and Constant Marginal Budget Shares,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 36, 1969.
Goldberger, A. S., and T. Gamaletsos, “A Cross-country Comparison of Consumer Expenditure Patterns,” European Economic Review, Vol. 1, 1970.
Goldman, S. M. and H. Uzawa, “A Note on Separability in Demand Analysis,” Econometrica, Vol. 32, 1964.
Goreaux, L. M., “Projections de la demande des produits agricoles en Europe Occidentale en 1970,” in Europe’s Future Consumption, (ed. J. Sandee), North-Holland, 1964.
Gorman, W. M., “Community Preference Fields,” Econometrica, Vol. 21, 1953.
Gorman, W. M., “Separable Utility and Aggregation,” Econometrica, Vol. 27, 1959.
Gorman, W. M., “The Empirical Implications of a Utility Tree: a Comment,” Econometrica, Vol. 27, 1959.
Gorman, W. M., “On a Class of Preference Fields,” Metroeconomica, Vol. 13, 1961.
Gorman, W. M., “Additive Logarithmic Preferences: a Further Note,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 30, 1963.
Gossen, H. H., Entwickelung der Gesetze des menschlichen Verkers, und der daraus fliessenden Regeln fur menschliches Handeln, Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschwieg, 1854.
Green, H. A. J., “Direct Additivity and Consumers’ Behaviour,” Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 13, 1961.
Green, H. A. J., Aggregation in Economic Analysis, Princeton, 1964.
Haavelmo, T., “The Statistical Implications of a System of Simultaneous Equations,” Econometrica, Vol. 11, 1943.
Henderson, A. M., “The Cost of a Family,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 17, 1949–50.
Henderson, A. M., “The Cost of Children,” Parts I-III, Population Studies, Vols, 3–4, 1949–50.
Hicks, J. R., Value and Capital, Oxford University Press, 1936.
Hicks, J. R., A Revision of Demand Theory, Oxford University Press, 1956.
Hirsch, W. Z., “A Survey of Price Elasticities,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 19, 1951–52..
Hoa, T. V., “Inter-regional Elasticities and Aggregation Bias: a Study of Consumer Demand in Australia,” Australian Economic Papers, Vol. 7, 1968.
Hoa, T. V., “Additive preference and Cost-of-living indexes: an Empirical Study of Australian Consumers’ Welfare,” Economic Record, Vol. 45, 1969.
Hotelling, H., “Edgeworth’s Taxation Paradox and the Nature of Demand and Supply Functions,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 40, 1932.
Houthakker, H. S., “Revealed Preference and the Utility Function,” Economica, Vol. 17, 1950.
Houthakker, H. S., “The Econometrics of Family Budgets,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 115, 1952.
Houthakker, H. S., “Compensated Changes in Quantities and Qualities Consumed,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 19, 1951–52.
Houthakker, H. S., “La forme des courbes d’Engel,” Cahiers du Séminaire d’Économetrie, No. 2, 1954.
Houthakker, H. S., “An International Comparison of Household Expenditure Patterns Commemorating the Centenary of Engel’s Law,” Econometrica, Vol. 25, 1957.
Houthakker, H. S., “The Influence of Prices and Incomes on Household Expenditures,” Bulletin of the International Institute of Statistics, Vol. 37, 1960.
Houthakker, H. S., “Additive Preferences,” Econometrica, Vol. 28, 1960.
Houthakker, H. S., “The Present State of Consumption Theory,” Econometrica, Vol. 29, 1961.
Houthakker, H. S., “New Evidence on Demand Elasticities,” Econometrica, Vol. 33, 1965.
Houthakker, H. S., “A Note on Self-dual Preferences,” Econometrica, Vol. 33, 1965.
Houthakker, H. S., and L. D Taylor, Consumer Demand in the United States 1929–70, Analysis and Projections, Harvard University Press, 1966 (2nd ed. 1970).
Ironmonger, D., New Commodities and Consumer Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, 1972.
Islam, N., Studies in Consumer Demand, Dacca University, Bureau of Economic Research, Vol. 1, 1965, Vol. 2, 1966.
Jevons, W. S., The Theory of Political Economy, Macmillan, London, 1871.
Johansen, L., “Explorations in Long-term Projections for the Norwegian Economy,” Economics of Planning, Vol. 8, 1968.
Johansen, L., “On the Relationships Between Some Systems of Demand Functions,” Liiketaloudellinen Aikakauskirja, No. 1, 1969.
King, G., “Natural and Political Observations and Conclusions upon the State and Condition of England,” (1696) in Two Tracts by Gregory King (ed. G. E. Barnett), Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1936.
Klein, L. R., and H. Rubin, “A Constant Utility-index of the Cost of Living,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 15, 1947–48.
Klein, L. R., and J. B. Lansing, “Decisions to Purchase Consumer Durable Goods,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 20, 1955.
Kloek, T., and H. Theil, “International Comparisons of Prices and Quantities Consumed,” Econometrica, Vol. 33, 1965.
Knox, F., “Some International Comparisons of Consumers’ Durable Goods,” Bulletin of the Oxford Institute of Statistics, Vol. 21, 1959.
Konüs, A. A., “On the Theory of Means,” Acta Universitatis Asiae Mediae (Tashkent), Series Va, Mathematica, Fasc. 24, 1939.
Konüs, A. A., “Consumer Price Indexes and Demand Functions,” Révue de l’Institut International de Statistique, Vol. 26, 1958.
Koo, A. Y. C., “An Empirical Test of Revealed Preference Theory,” Econometrica, Vol. 31, 1963.
Lau, L. J., “Duality and the Structure of Utility Functions,” Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 1, 1969.
Lehfeldt, R. A., “The Elasticity of the Demand for Wheat,” economic journal, Vol. 24, 1914.
Lenoir, M., Etudes sur la Formation et le Mouvementdes Prix, Paris, 1913.
Leoni, R., “An Analysis of Expenditures on Private Consumption,” Revista di Politico Economica (selected papers), 1967.
Leontief, W., “Ein Versuch zur Statistischen analyse von Angebot und Nachfrage,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 30, 1929.
Leontief, W., “Composite Commodities and the Problem of Index Numbers,” Econometrica, Vol. 4, 1936.
Leontief, W., “Introduction to a Theory of the Internal Structure of Functional Relationships” Econometrica, Vol. 15, 1947.
Le Play, P. G. F., Les Ouvriers Européens, Paris, 1855.
Leser, C. E. V., “Family Budget Data and Price Elasticities of Demand,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 9, 1941–42.
Leser, C. E. V., “The Pattern of Australian Demand,” Economic Record, Vol. 34, 1958.
Leser, C. E. V., “Demand Functions for Nine Commodity Groups in Australia,” Australian Journal of Statistics, Vol. 2, 1960.
Leser, C. E. V., “Commodity Group Expenditure Functions for the United Kingdom, 1948–1957,” Econometrica, Vol. 29, 1961.
Leser, C. E. V., “Forms of Engel Functions,” Econometrica, Vol. 31, 1963
Leser, C. E. V., Econometric Techniques and Problems, Griffin, 1966.
Lloyd, G. H., An Essay on the Theory of Money, London, 1771.
Lluch, C., “Consumer Demand Functions, Spain, 1958–64,” European Economic Review, Vol. 2, 1971.
MacCrimmon, K. R. and M. Toda, “The Experimental Determination of Indifference Curves,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 36, 1969.
Marquardt, D. W., “An Algorithm for Least-squares Estimation of Non-linear Parameters,” Journal of the Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 11, 1963.
Marshall, A., Principles of Economics, Macmillan, London, 1890.
Mattei, A., “A Complete System of Dynamic Demand Functions,” European Economic Review, Vol. 2, 1971.
Modigliani, F., and R. Brumberg, “Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: an Interpretation of Cross Section Data,” in Post Keynesian Economics, K. K. Kurihara (ed.), Allen and Unwin, 1955.
Modigliani, F., and R. Brumberg, “Utility Analysis and the Aggregate Consumption Function: an Attempt at Integration,” 1954 (mimeographed).
Moore, H. L., Synthetic Economics, Macmillan, New York, 1929.
Muth, R. F., “Household Production and Consumer Demand Functions,” Econometrica, Vol. 34, 1966.
Nasse, P., “Analyse des effets de substitution dans un système complet de fonctions de demande,” Annales de l’Inslé (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques), No. 5, 1970.
Nerlove, M., Distributed Lags and Demand Analysis, Agricultural Handbook No. 141, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1958.
Nerlove, M., “The Market Demand for Durable Goods: a Comment,” Econometrica, Vol. 28, 1960.
Nicholson, J. L., “Variations in Working Class Family Expenditure,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 112, 1949.
Nicholson, J. L., “The General Form of the Adding-up Criterion,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), Vol. 120, 1957.
Paelinck, J., Fonctions de Consommation pour la Belgique 1948–59, Facultés Universitaires N-D de la Paix, Namur, 1964.
Pareto, V., Manuale di Economia Politica, con una Introduzione alla Scienza Soziale, Società Editrice Libraria, Milan, 1906. Second edition: Manuel d’Économie politique, V. Giard et E. Brière, Paris, 1909. (English translation by A. S. Schwier, Manual of Political Economy, Macmillan, 1972.)
Parks, R. W., “Efficient Estimation of a System of Regression Equations when Disturbances are both Serially and Contemporaneously Correlated,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 62, 1967.
Parks, R. W., “Systems of Demand Equations: an Empirical Comparison of Alternative Functional Forms,” Econometrica, Vol. 37, 1969.
Parks, R. W., “Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Linear Expenditure System,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 66, 1971.
Pearce, I. F., “An Exact Method of Consumer Demand Analysis,” Econometrica, Vol. 29, 1961.
Pearce, I. F., “A Method of Consumer Demand Analysis Illustrated,” Economica, Vol. 28, 1961.
Pearce, I. F., A Contribution to Demand Analysis, Oxford University Press, 1964.
Phlips, L., “Substitution, Complementarity, and the Residual Variation around Dynamic Demand Equations,” American Economic Review, Vol. 61, 1971.
Phlips, L., “A Dynamic Version of the Linear Expenditure Model,” Review of Economics and Statistics, forthcoming.
Pigou, A. C., “A Method of Determining the Numerical Value of Elasticities of Demand,” economic journal, Vol. 20, 1910.
Pollack, R. A., and T. J. Wales, “Estimation of the Linear Expenditure System,” Econometrica, Vol. 37, 1969.
Pollack, R. A., “Habit Formation and Dynamic Demand Functions,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 78, 1970.
Pollack, R. A., “Conditional Demand Functions and the Implications of Direct Separable utility,” Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 37, 1971.
Pollack, R. A., “Additive Utility Functions and Linear Engel Curves,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 38, 1971.
Powell, A. A., “Post-war Consumption in Canada: a First Look at the Aggregates,” Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Vol. 31, 1965.
Powell, A. A., “A Complete System of Consumer Demand for the Australian Economy fitted by a Model of Additive Preferences,” Econometrica, Vol. 34, 1966.
Powell, A. A., T. V. Hoa, and R. H. Wilson, “A Multi-sectoral Analysis of Consumer Demand in the Post-war Period,” Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 35, 1968.
Powell, A. A., “Aitken Estimators as a Tool for the Allocation of Predetermined Aggregates,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 64, 1969.
Prais, S. J., “The Estimation of Equivalent Adult Scales from Family Budgets,” economic journal., Vol. 63, 1953.
Prais, S. J., “Non-linear Estimates of the Engel Curves,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 20, 1953.
Prais, S. J., and J. Aitchison, “The Grouping of Observations in Regression Analysis,” Review of the International Statistical Institute, Vol. 22, 1954.
Prais, S. J., and H. S. Hourakker, The Analysis of Family Budgets, Cambridge University Press, 1955 (2nd ed. 1971).
Pyatt, F. G., Priority Patterns and the Demand for Household Durable Goods, Cambridge University Press, 1964.
Quetelet, A., Physique Sociale, Paris, 1869.
Rajaoja, V., A Study in the Theory of Demand Functions and Price Indexes, Societas Scientarium Fennica: Commentationes Physico-Mathematicae XXI, Helsinki, 1958.
Rothenburg, T. J., and C. T. Leenders, “Efficient estimation of simultaneous equation systems,” Econometrica, Vol. 32, 1964.
Roy, R., De l’Utilité, Contribution d la Théorie des Choix, Hermann, Paris, 1942.
Samuelson, P. A., “A Note on the Pure Theory of Consumer Behaviour,” Economica, Vol. 5, 1938.
Samuelson, P. A., “Constancy of the Marginal Utility of Income,” in Studies in Mathematical Economics and Econometrics, O. Lange, F. McIntyre and T. O. Yntema (eds.), Chicago University Press, 1942.
Samuelson, P. A., Foundations of Economic Analysis, Harvard University press, 1947.
Samuelson, P. A., “Some Implications of Linearity,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 15, 1947–48.
Samuelson, P. A., “The Problem of Integrability in Utility Theory,” Economica, Vol. 17, 1950.
Samuelson, P. A., “Using full Duality to Show that Simultaneously Additive Direct and Indirect Utilities implies Unitary Price Elasticity of Demand,” Econometrica, Vol. 33, 1965.
Schultz, H., Statistical Laws of Demand and Supply with Special Application to Sugar, Chicago University Press, 1928.
Schultz, H., The Theory and Measurement of Demand, Chicago University Press, 1938.
Schwabe, H., “Das Verhaltniss von Miethe und Einkommen in Berlin,” in Berlin und seine entwickelung fur 1868, Berlin, 1868.
Schweitzer, T. T., Personal Consumer Expenditures in Canada, Economic Council of Canada, Staff Study No. 26, Part 1, 1969, Part 2, 1970.
Slutsky, E., “Sulla teoria del bilancio del consomatore,” Giornak degli Economisti, Vol. 51, 1915. (English translation in Readings in Price Theory, G. J. Stigler and K. E. Boulding (eds.), Chicago University Press, 1952.)
Smith, A., An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London, 1776.
Snedecor, G. W., Statistical Methods, University of Iowa Press, Ames, Iowa, 1938.
Solari, L., Théorie des Choix et Fonctions de Consommation Semi-agrégées-Modèles Statiques, Librairie Droz, Geneva, 1971.
Somermeyer, W. H., G. M. Hilhorot, and J. W. W. A. Wit, “A Method of Estimating Price and Income Elasticities from Time Series and its Application to Consumers’ Expenditures in the Netherlands, 1949–1959,” Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Studies, No. 13, 1962 (mimeographed).
Somermeyer, W. H., and A. Langhout, “Shapes of Engel Curves and Demand Curves: Implications of the Expenditure Allocation Model, Applied to Dutch data,” Netherlands School of Economics, Econometric Institute, Report 7102, 1971 (mimeographed).
Sono, M., “The Effect of Price Changes on the Demand and Supply of Separable Goods,” International Economic Review, Vol. 2, 1960.
Staehle, H., “A Development of the Economic Theory of Index Numbers,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 2, 1935.
Stigler, G. J., “The Early History of Empirical Studies of Consumer Behaviour,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 62, 1954.
Stone, J. R. N., The Measurement of Consumers’ Expenditure and Behaviour in the United Kingdom, 1920–1938, Vol. I, Cambridge University Press, 1953.
Stone, J. R. N., “Linear Expenditure Systems and Demand Analysis: an Application to the Pattern of British Demand,” economic journal, Vol. 64, 1954.
Stone, J. R. N., and D. A. Rowe, “Aggregate Consumption and Investment Functions for the Household Sector Considered in the Light of British Experience,” National konomisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 94, 1956.
Stone, J. R. N., and D. A. Rowe, “The market Demand for Durable Goods,” Econometrica, Vol. 25, 1957.
Stone, J. R. N., and D. A. Rowe, “Dynamic Demand Functions: some Econometric Results,” economic journal, Vol. 68, 1958.
Stone, J. R. N., and G. Croft-Murray, Social Accounting and Economic Models, Bowes and Bowes, London, 1959.
Stone, J. R. N., and D. A. Rowe, “The Durability of Consumers’ Durable Goods,” Econometrica, Vol. 28, 1960.
Stone, J. R. N., “A dynamic model of demand,” Przeglad Statystyczny, Vol. 7, 1960.
Stone, J. R. N., “Consumers’ Wants and Expenditures: a Survey of British Studies since 1945,” in L’Évaluation et la Rôle des Besoins de Biens de Consommation dans les Divers Régimes Économiques, Editions de Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, 1963.
Stone, J. R. N., J. A. C. Brown, and D. A. Rowe, “Demand Analysis and Projections for Britain 1900–1970: a Study in Method,” in Europe’s Future Consumption, J. Sandee (ed.), North Holland, 1964.
Stone, J. R. N., “Models for Demand Projections,” in Essays in Econometrics and Planning, C. Rao (ed.), Pergamon, Oxford, 1964.
Strotz, R. H., “The Empirical Implications of a Utility Tree,” Econometrica, Vol. 25, 1957.
Strotz, R. H., “The Utility tree-a Correction and Further Appraisal,” Econometrica, Vol. 27, 1959.
Sydenstricker, E., and W. I. King, “The Measurement of the Relative Economic Status of Families,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 17, 1921.
Taylor, L. D., “Personal Consumption Expenditure in Sweden 1931–1958,” Review of the International Statistical Institute, Vol. 36, 1968.
Theil, H., and H. Neudecker, “Substitution, Complementarity, and Residual Variation Around Engel Curves,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 25, 1957–58.
Theil, H., “On the Use of Incomplete Prior Information in Regression Analysis,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 58, 1963.
Theil, H., and A. S. Goldberger, “On Pure and Mixed Estimation in Economics,” International Economic Review, Vol. 2, 1963.
Theil, H., “Some Developments of Economic thought in the Netherlands,” American Economic Review, Vol. 54, 1964.
Theil, H., Linear Aggregation of Economic Relations, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1965.
Theil, H., “The Information Approach to Demand Analysis,” Econometrica, Vol. 33, 1965.
Theil, H., and R. H. Mnookin, “The Information Value of Demand Equations and Predictions,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 74, 1966.
Theil, H., Economics and Information Theory, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1967.
Theil, H., “Value Share Transitions in Consumer Demand Theory,” Econometrica, Vol. 38, 1970.
Theil, H., and R. B. Brooks, “How does the Marginal Utility of Income Change when Real Income Changes?,” European Economic Review, Vol. 2, 1970.
Theil, H., Principles of Econometrics, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1971.
Theil, H., “An Economic Theory of the Second Moments of Disturbances of Behavioural Equations,” American Economic Review, Vol. 61, 1971.
Theil, H., “Introduction to Demand and Index Number Theory,” University of Chicago, Centre for Mathematical Studies in Business and Economics, Report 7126, 1971 (mimeographed).
Tintner, G., “The Theoretical Derivation of Dynamic Demand Curves,” Econometrica, Vol. 6, 1938.
Tobin, J., and H. S. Houthakker, “The Effects of Rationing on Demand Elasticities,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 18, 1950–51.
Tobin, J., “A Survey of the Theory of Rationing,” Econometrica, Vol. 20, 1952.
Tornqvist, L., “Review article,” Ekonomicsk Tidskrifl, Vol. 43, 1941.
U.K. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Domestic Food Consumption and Expenditure, Annual Reports of the National Food Survey Committee, H.M.S.O., London, annually since 1952.
Verri, P., Meditazioni sull’economia politisa, Livorno, 1771.
Walras, L., Elements. d’Économie Politique Pure, L. Corbas & Cie, Lausanne, 1874. (English translation by W. Jaffé, Elements of Pure Economics, or The Theory of Social Wealth, George Allen and Unwin, London, 1954.)
Weber, H., “De pulsa resorption auditu et tactu,” Annotationes Anatomicae et Physiologicae, Leipzig, Koehler, 1834.
Wit, J. W. W. A., “Income Elasticities in 1935/36 and 1951 in the Netherlands: an Application of a Model for Income Spending,” Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Studies, No. 10, 1960 (mimeographed).
Wold, H., and L. Jureen, Demand Analysis, Almqvist and Wiksells, Uppsala, 1952.
Working, E. J., “What do Statistical Demand Curves Show?,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 61, 1927.
Worswick, G. D. N., and D. G. Champernowne, “A Note on the Adding-up Criterion,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 22, 1954–55.
Yoshihara, K., “Demand Functions: an Application to the Japanese Expenditure Pattern,” Econometrica, Vol. 37, 1969.
Yule, G. U., “Why do we sometimes get Nonsense Correlations between Time-series?,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 89, 1926.
Copyright information
© 1973 The Royal Economic Society and the Social Science Research Council
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, A., Deaton, A. (1973). Models of Consumer Behaviour. In: Surveys of Applied Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01860-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01860-4_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-01862-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-01860-4
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)