Abstract
Since the Second World War the Comecon countries have experienced a remarkable growth of employment. Over the period 1950–70 it rose from 103m. to 145m. in the region. There was a rapid growth of population, averaging 1–3 per cent p.a., but employment was in fact expanding faster — at 1–4 per cent p.a.1 This was due to the policy of full employment, the utilization of underemployed labour in agriculture and domestic service mostly by transfers to industry, the increasing employment of women, and in the 1960s it was due to the post-war birth boom entering the labour market. This expansion of employment facilitated rapid economic development via the extensive growth strategy, and lesser concern was displayed for improvements in the efficiency of labour.
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Notes
J. Wilczynski, Socialist Economic Development and Reforms, London, Macmillan, 1972, pp. 331–3.
H. Król, Postęp techniczny a kwalifikacje (Technical Progress and Qualifications), Warsaw, KiW, 1970, p. 8.
S. G. Strumilin, Problémy sotsializma i kommunizma v SSSR (Problems of Socialism and Communism in the USSR), Moscow, IEL, 1961, p. 102.
Quoted from: Z. Madej, Nauka i rozwój gospodarczy (Science and Economic Development), Warsaw, PWE, 1970, p. 271.
A. Bodnar and B. Zahn, Rewolucja naukowo-techniczna a socjalizm (The Scientific and Technical Revolution and Socialism), Warsaw, KiW, 1971, p. 213.
V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Moscow, FLPH, 1960, vol. I, p. 105.
See, e.g. contributions by those writers in T. S. Khachaturov (ed.), Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost kapitalnykh vlozheni i novoi tekhniki (Economic Effectiveness of Capital Investments and the New Technology), Moscow, Sochegiz, 1959, esp. pp. 23, 50.
J. Kleer, Wzrost intensywny w krajach socjalistycznych (Intensive Growth in the Socialist Countries), Warsaw, CBZZ, 1972, pp. 135–6.
K. Laski, Zarys teorii reprodukcji socjalistycznej (Outline of the Theory of Growth under Socialism), Warsaw, KiW, 1965, pp. 306–14.
L. Mihalyfíy and Gy. Szakolczai, ‘The Optimal Rate of Growth of the Capital Stock’, Acta oeconomica (Economic Papers), Budapest, vol. VIII, no. 2–3, 1972, pp. 183–205.
For evidence, see, e.g., Iliyana Kazakova, (‘ Consumer Services during the Sixth Five-Year Plan’), Naruchnik na agitatora (Activist’s Guide), Sofia, 10/1972, pp. 3–13; S. Kosiachenko, (‘Reform and Problems of the Service Industry’), Voprosy ekonomiki, 3/1970, p. 149; R. Pluta, (‘Services as a Source of Economic Development’), Życie gospodarcze, 9/4/1972, pp. 1, 2; A. Racz, ‘Services: The Tertiary Sector’, Acta oeconomica, vol. VIII, no. 2–3, 1972, pp. 221–36.
M. Syrek, Wpływ substytucyjnego i niezależnego postępu technicznego na wydajność pracy (The Influence of Substitutional and Autonomous Technical Progress on Labour Productivity), Katowice, Ṡląsk, 1967, p. 152.
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© 1974 J. Wilczynski
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Wilczynski, J. (1974). Labour and Capital. In: Technology in Comecon. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01794-2_2
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