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Salinity and the Whole Animal

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Book cover Salinity and Water Use

Abstract

Land mammals have neuroendocrine controls and cellular pumping mechanisms to maintain inter- and intracellular electrolyte concentrations. Sodium conservation is highly developed. In the ocean and in arid hot areas the salinity of water reaches four or more times that of the body fluids. Either such water is not consumed or kidneys are developed to excrete the surplus electrolyte. Amongst sheep and cattle, 180–220 mmoll-1 NaCl is the concentration chronically tolerated in drinking water. Sheep and goats do not drink in winter, so that saline water is not a nutritional problem, until summer. Camels live satisfactorily when drinking 1850 mmoll-1 NaCl (5.5%) but sheep accept only 220 mmoll-1 NaCl (1.3%) Animals evolved in the desert (jerboas, quokkas, camels) are more salt tolerant than swamp-based animals like bovids. There are renal and cellular adjustments to the high salt intakes but all members of a breed or species do not make the adjustment as well as others.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    W. V. Macfarlane

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  1. W. V. Macfarlane
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environmental Mechanics, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    T. Talsma  & J. R. Philip  & 

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© 1971 Australian Academy of Science

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Macfarlane, W.V. (1971). Salinity and the Whole Animal. In: Talsma, T., Philip, J.R. (eds) Salinity and Water Use. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01391-3_10

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