Abstract
In a survey which he produced more than ten years ago concerning recent works on research into Cluny and Cluniac monks, Professor G. Tellenbach came to the conclusion that we were still a long way from any positive knowledge of Cluny and its influence. At the same time he suggested methods of research into areas which still remained to be explored.2 Several of these have, in the meantime, been followed up, not least by Tellenbach himself.3 As a result, it has been realised that a clearer understanding of the nature of Cluny is made possible by research into the history of individuals as shown in the contents of Books of Life, calendars and necrologies.4 Fundamental to this were W. Jorden’s views on the extreme importance which Cluny attached to the commemoration of the dead.5 Necrologies could thus be classified as characteristic liturgical books for Cluniac monasteries. This will necessarily lead to a certain amount of investigation modifying the results already obtained.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
[Translated from ‘Das Kloster S. Benedetto di Polirone in seiner cluniacensischen Umwelt’, in Adel und Kirche, Festschrift for Professor G. Tellenbach (to whom this article is dedicated), edited by J. Fleckenstein and K. Schmid (Herder: Freiburg/Basel/Vienna, 1968) pp. 280–93. Ed.]
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Hansmartin Schwarzmaier from ‘Das Kloster S. Benedetto di Polirone in seiner cluniacensischen Umwelt’, in Adel und Kirche, Festschrift for Professor G. Tellenbach (to whom this article is dedicated), edited by J. Fleckenstein and K. Schmid (Herder: Freiburg/Basel/Vienna, 1968) pp. 280–93. Ed.]
G. Tellenbach, ‘Zum Wesen der Cluniacenser’, in Saeculum, 9 (1958) 370, and ‘Zur Erforschung Clunys und der Cluniacenser’, introduction to NF pp. 3 ff.
From a number of works the following may be quoted: H. Hoffmann, ‘Von Cluny zum Investiturstreit’, in Arch. f. Kulturgesch. 45 (1963) 165 ff.;
A. Becker, Papst Urban II, part 1 (1964);
G. Tellenbach, ‘Der Sturz des Abtes Pontius von Cluny’, in QFIAB 42–3 (1963) 13 ff.;
J. Fechter, ‘Cluny, Adel und Volk’ (diss. Tübingen, 1966); and especially the article by J. Wollasch [translated below, pp. 143 ff.]; also his ‘Die Überlieferung cluniacensischen Totengedächtnisses’, in Frühmittelalterliche Studien, ed. K. Hauck, 1 (1967) PP. 389 ff.
G. Tellenbach, ‘Zur Bedeutung der Personenforschung für die Erkenntnis des früheren Mittelalters’, in Freib. Universitätsreden, n.s. 25 (1957); and K. Schmid, ‘Über das Verhältnis von Person und Gemeinschaft im früheren Mittelalter’, in Frühmittelalter. Studien, 1227 ff.
W. Jorden, Das cluniacensische Totengedächtniswesen (1930).
A kind suggestion from Prof. W. Goez of Würzburg; for Piona, see Cottineau, Répertoire topo-bibliographique, a 2286, though no further references are given. See also D. Sant’Ambrogio, ‘Recenti contestazioni intorno a S. Nicolò di Piona’, in Rio. Arch. lomb. 2 (1906) 150ff.; BB 4704 (1236–44) E. Gufanti (see below, n. 5) p. 163 quotes an unpublished document of 4 May 1154 (Milan, Arch. St. fondo rel. Cart. 126) in which the estates sancti Nicolai de Piona are named.
E. Sackur, Die Cluniacenser (1892) 1226 ff.
Ibid. pp. rot if.; G. Antonelli, ‘L’opera di Odone di Cluny in Italia’, in Benedictina, 4 (1950) 19 ff.
A. L’Huillier, ‘I priorati cluniacensi in Italia’, in Brixia Sacra, 3 (1912) 14–29, 61–9, 97–104, trans. from the French by P. Guerrini.
See also G. de Valous, Le monachisme Clunisien des origines au XVe siècle, 11 (1935) pp. 266 ff.
The best, though not systematic, list of Cluniac priories is in P. Bognetti, L’Abbazia benedettina di Civate (1957) pp. 76 ff. All the researchers tend to work from the list of Cluny’s houses in the bull of Urban II, 1095: JL 5551; PL 151, 4 t ff.; Bibl. Cl. col. 516 and (for a list of priories) cols 1744 ff.
Professor Violante of Pisa kindly made available a work quoted by P. Zerbi, ‘I monasteri cittadini di Lombardia’, in Monasteri in alta Italia, Relazioni e comun. al 32 congresso star. Subalpino in Pinerolo 1964 (Turin, 1966) p. 305: n. 88
There cites an unpublished dissertation by E. Guffanti, ‘I monasteri cluniacensi nele.’attuale Lombardia’ (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Feb 1965).
It is particularly useful for the attached maps. See also Dom G. Charvin, Statuts chapitres généraux et visites de l’ordre de Cluny, 1 (1965) p. 376, no. 92; II p. 243, no.,8o, p. 286, no. 190 etc. for a survey of the Lombard Cluniac priories in the thirteenth century.
For general literature on Polirone, see P. Kehr, It. Pont. 7, 1 (1923) 323 ff.
On the relation of Cluny and Polirone, see G. Schreiber, Kurie and Kloster im 12. Jahr. 2 (1910) pp. 313 ff.
P. Hofmeister, ‘Cluny and seine Abteien’, in Stud. Mitt. OSB, (75 (1964) 203 ff.) is somewhat inexact.
Still indispensable is B. Bacchini, Dell’istoria del monastero di S. Benedetto di Polirons (Mantua, 1696).
The documents have been published by P. Torelli, Regesto Mcintovano, I (1914) (‘Reg. Chart. It.’ 12);
On the manuscripts, see B. Benedini, ‘I manoscritti Polironiani della Bibl. comunale di Mantova’ (1958), in Atti e mem. d. accad. Virgiliana di Mantova, n.s. 30; see also G. Fasoli, ‘Monasteri padani’, in the collection mentioned in n. 5 above: Monasteri in alta Italia, pp. 189–97.
V. Colorni, Il territorio mantovano nel sacro Romano impero, 1 (1959) pp. 45 ff. and maps;
K. Schrod, Reichsstrassen und Reichsverwaltung im Kgr. Italien (1931) pp. 56ff.
Torelli, op. cit. 95, p. 66 and U. Nicolini, L’Archivio del monastero di S. Andrea di Mantova (1959) no. 10, p. 13.
M. Prou, Recueil des Chartes de Philippe Ier (1908) no. 99, p. 255; BB IV 3552.
A. Overmann, Gräfin Mathilde von Tuscien (1895) passim; also maps.
Torelli, op. cit. 118, pp. 84f.; for the text, see my article ‘Der Liber Vitae von Subiaco’, in QFIAB 48 (1968) 127 and n. 139.
On the manuscript, which is in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, see G. F. Warner, Gospels of Mathilda, countess of Tuscany (The Roxburghe Club, New York, 1917: facsimile ed.)
And also the incomplete edition by A. Mercati, ‘L’Evangeliario donato dalla contessa Matilda al Polirone’, in Atti e Mem. Dep. Mod. ser. 7, vol. 4 (1927)
A. Mercati, in Saggi di storia e letteratura (Rome, 1951) pp. 213–27.
See comments on the manuscript by G. Waitz, Neues Archiv, 4 (1879) 591
Tiraboschi, Memorie storiche Modenensi, 2 (Modena, 1793) 64, no. 270 (part edition).
From the introduction to the Liber Vitae it is clear that Abbot William was dead at the time of its composition and that Pope Urban II was still alive. But Abbot William witnessed a transfer of the monastery of St Bartholomew in Lucca to Polirone on 17 June 1099 (see Guidi-Parenti, Regesto del Capitolo di Lucca, 1 (1910) [‘Reg. Chart. Ital.’ 6] no. 573, p. 245; Mem. Doc. Stor. Lucca, IV 2 app. p. 12o), and Urban II died on 29 July in the same year. This narrows the time for the death of Abbot William, the choice of his successor Alberic and the composition of the preface to the Liber Vitae to a few days in July 1099, a surprising precision but hardly questionable. See also my article mentioned p. 129 n. 1 above.
Benedini, see p. 126 n. 1 above, and M. Venturini, Vita ed attività dello ‘Scriptorium’ Veronese nel secolo XI (Verona, 1930). Dr. U. Muroni, director of the Bibliotheca Comunale in Mantua, kindly allowed me to see his catalogue of Polirone manuscripts which is about to be printed and which contains an introduction showing what eventually happened to all the books of the monastic library.
Ibid. 441 (D III 15) with calendar, pls 173 ff. Reproduced in Paccagnini-Gnudi, Montoya, Le arti, 1 (1960) pls 316–22; see further MS. 447 (D IV 1).
F. Fabbi, ‘Le famiglie reggiane e parmensi the hanno in comune l’origine con la contessa Matilda’, in Atti e mem. prou. Mod. ser. 9, vol. 3 (1963) 184 and family tree. See also n. 3 above.
G. A. Gradenigo, Calendario Polironiano del XII secolo (Venice, 1795) pp. 7–18, following Mantua, Bibl. Com. 133 (A V 3) pls 347–8.
On the liturgy and the Consuetudines of Polirone, see S.J. P. Van Dijk, ‘The customary of St Benedict of Padolirone’, in Miscell. liturgica in honorem L. Cuniberti Mohlberg (Rome, 1949) 11 451 ff.
Arnold Wion, Lignum Vitae, ornamentum et decus ecclesiae, pars 2, lib. 11 (1595) 233–4; mentioned by Bacchini, op. cit. p. 50, who no longer knew which copy Wion had used.
J. Depoin, Recueil des Chartes et Documents de Saint-Martin des Champs, 111 (‘Arch. de la France monastique’, 18, 1917) pp. 1 ff.
Codice necrol.-liturg. del monastero di S. Salvatore o S. Giulia in Brescia, ed. A. Valentini (1887) p. 87 on fol. 47r in an eleventh-century script.
P. Guerrini, I conti de Martinengo (Brescia, 1930)
E. Odazio, ‘I conti del comitato Bergomense’, in Bergomum, n.s. 8 (1934) 271 ff. with numerous supplements.
BB 3606; see F. Forte, ‘Como e i Cluniacensi’, in Periodico della Soc. Comense, 28 (1931) 13ff. Whether the benefactors in BB 3312 refer directly to Vertemate is questionable, though worth considering. It would be difficult to find another group of benefactors so numerous and with such similar names existing apart from those connected with Vertemate. It remains to be seen whether the names of the dead recorded in BB 3312 are to be found in any Cluniac necrology.
BB 3600: on the Counts Biandrate, see Kehr, It. Pont. 6, 2, 38; also C. G. Mor, Frammenti di storia Valsesiana (Varallo, 1960) p. 47.
P. Bognetti, op. cit. (see above, p. 125 n. 5); P. Guerrini, Brescia e Montecassino (1942) p. xxii;
P. Zerbi, ‘Monasteri e riforma a Milano dalla fine del sec. X agli inizi del XII’, in Aevum, 24 (1950) 44 ff., 166 ff. and esp. p. 170, with notes; Storia di Milano, 3 (1954, G. L. Barni) 218 f. C. Violante, ‘Il monachesimo Cluniacense di fronte al mondo politico ed ecclesiastico’, in Spiritualitd, pp. 194 ff.
L. Kern, ‘Notes sur le prieuré clunisien de Sainte Hélène à Sarre’, in Mélanges P. E. Martin, Mem. Soc. d’Hist. et d’Arch. de Genéves, 11 (1961) 329 ff.
P. Ladner, ‘Das St Albanskloster und die burgundische Tradition in der Clunizenserprovinz Alemannia’, in Basler Beitr. z. Geschichtswiss. 80 (1960) 31 ff. and maps.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 1971 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schwarzmaier, H. (1971). The Monastery of St Benedict, Polirone, and its Cluniac Associations. In: Hunt, N. (eds) Cluniac Monasticism in the Central Middle Ages. Readings in European History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00705-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00705-9_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-00707-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-00705-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave Religion & Philosophy CollectionPhilosophy and Religion (R0)