Skip to main content

The travelling-wave amplification as a parametric process

  • Chapter
Microwaves

Abstract

The Manley-Rowe relations [1] were originally developed in an analysis of a circuit containing nonlinear reactive elements. Since the original discovery of this important formula, it has been found that there are a number of other physical systems that obey the Manley-Rowe relations. Penfield [2] and Sturrock [3] have shown that any physical system that can be described by energy-state functions obeys the Manley-Rowe relations. Jaynes [4], Weiss [5] and others pointed out the similarity between the Manley-Rowe relations and the well known quantum mechanical expression W = ħω, and noted that the Manley-Rowe formula is indeed equivalent to the conservation of quanta. On this basis, Jaynes [4] was able to establish the similarity between masers and parametric amplifiers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J.M. MANLEY and H.E. ROWE, Some General Properties of Nonlinear Elements I. -- General Energy Relations, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., vol. 44, pp.904–913, July 1956

    Google Scholar 

  2. P. PENFIELD, Jr., Frequency-Power Formulas, The Technology Press, Cambridge, Mass. and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1960

    Google Scholar 

  3. P.A. STURROCK, Action-Transfer and Frequency-Shift Relations in the Nonlinear Theory of Waves and Oscillations, Ann. Phys., vol. 9, pp. 422–434, March 1960

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. E. T. JAYNES, The Maser as a Parametric Amplifier, Quantum Electronics --A Symposium, Edited by C.H. Townes, Columbia University Press, New York, N.Y., 1960

    Google Scholar 

  5. M.T. WEISS, Quantum Derivation of Energy Relations Analogous to Those for Nonlinear Reactances, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., vol. 45, pp. 1012, 1013, July 1957

    Google Scholar 

  6. J.R. PIERCE, The Wave Picture of Microwave Tubes, Bell Systems Tech. J., vol. 33, pp. 1343–1372, November 1954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J.R. PIERCE, Coupling of Modes of Propagation, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 25, pp. 179–183, February 1954

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. H.A. HAUS, Elect ron Beam Waves in Microwave Tubes, Proc. Symp. on Electronic Waveguides, Polytechnic Press of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Brooklyn, N. Y., April’ 58

    Google Scholar 

  9. W.H. LOUISELL. Coupled Mode and Parametric Electronics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1960

    Google Scholar 

  10. J.R. PIERCE, Traveling-Wave Tubes, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 1950

    Google Scholar 

  11. G.S. KINO and S.P. PAIK, The Circuit Theory of Coupled Transmission Systems, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, September 1962 (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  12. S.F. PAIK, Coupling of Modes Between a Slow-Wave Plasma Mode and a Helix, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, July 1962 (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  13. H.A. HAUS, Noise Figure and Thermodynamics, Quarterly Status Report No. 6, General research, Spencer Laboratory, Raytheon Co., Burlington, Mass., July 1 to September 30, 1961 (unpublished)

    Google Scholar 

  14. A.V. HAEFF, The Electron-Wave Tube --A Novel Method of Generation and Amplification of Microwave Energy, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., vol. 37, pp. 4–10, January 1949

    Google Scholar 

  15. J.R. PIERCE, Double-Strearn Amplifiers, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., vol. 37, pp. 980–985, September 1949

    Google Scholar 

  16. O. BUNEMAN, Resis ance as Dissipation into Many Reactive Circuits: Landau Damping and Nyquist’s Noise Theorem, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 32, p. 1783, September 1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. LANDAU, On the Vibration of the Electronic Plasma, J. Phys. (USSR), vol. 10, pp. 25–34, January 1946

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. L.M. FIELD. P. K. TIEN and D. A. WATKINS, Ampli-fication by Acceleration and Deceleration of a Single-Velocity Stream, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., vol.39, p.194, February 1951

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. HEFFNER and G. WADE, Gain, Bandwidth and Noise Characteristics of the Variable-Parameter Amplifier, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 29, pp. 1321–1331, September 1958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D.A. WATKINS, Traveling-Wave Tube Noise Figure, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs., vol. 40, pp. 65–70, January 1952

    Google Scholar 

  21. P.A. STURROCK, Pa ametric Refrigeration -- A Me chanism for Removal of Noise from the Slow Wave of an Electron Beam, ML Report No. 656, Microwave Laboratory, W. W. Hansen Laboratories of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, October 1960

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. A. HAUS and D.L. BOBROFF, Small Signal Power Theorem for Electron Beams, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 28 pp.694–704, June 1957

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. H.A. HAUS, The Kinetic Power Theorem for Parametric, Longitudinal, Electron Beam Amplifiers, Trans. Inst. Radio Engrs. (PGED), vol. ED/5, pp. 225–232, April 1958

    Google Scholar 

  24. H.A. HAUS, Small Signal Energy Theorem for Beams with Zero Curl of Generalized Momentum, Quarterly Progress Report No. 51, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Mass. Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, Mass., October 15, 1958 (unpublished)

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. W. RIGROD, Power Flow and Stored Energy in Thin Electron Beams, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 31, pp.1147–1153, July 1960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. P. A. STURROCK, In What Sense Do Slow Waves Carry Negative Energy?, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 31, pp. 2052–2056, November 1960

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. J.R. PIERCE, Momentum and Energy of Waves, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 32, pp. 2580–2584, Dec. 1961

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. E. L. CHU, Two A I t ernative Definitions of Small-Signal r. f. Power of Electron Beams and Comments on Klüver’s Paper Entitled ‘Smkll Signal Power Conservation Theorem for Irrotational Electron Beams’, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 30, pp.1617–1619, October 1959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. H.A. HAUS, D. L. BOBROFF and J.W. KLUVER, On E.L. Chu’s Definition of Small-Signal r.f. Power of Electron Beams, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 32, pp. 749–750, April 1961

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 1963 N.V. Uitgeversmaatschappij Centrex

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Paik, S.F. (1963). The travelling-wave amplification as a parametric process. In: Microwaves. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00447-8_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00447-8_24

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-00449-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-00447-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics