Abstract
The advantages and disadvantages of indicative planning or programmed economic planning in a market economy are well known.2 The basic differences between this method and the imperative methods of planning in communist countries have become evident during the course of the last fifteen years, with regard both to the techniques and the application. The pessimistic judgments of those who once thought that flexible programmed planning was only an imperfect and incomplete imitation of the Stalinist Five-Year Plans, and a form of transition towards the general bureaucratization of the economy, have not been confirmed by recent developments. On the contrary, a tendency towards less rigidity in collectivist planning has recently been observed, as evidenced by the Yugoslav experiment and by Kruschev’s principles of decentralization. The far-reaching and little known changes in Soviet planning which are now taking place3 seem to demonstrate methodological concerns analogous to those previously felt in Western Europe. Both the duration and the scope of the experiments with indicative planning in France, including the active participation of both employers’ and workers’ representatives, provide ample justification for the detailed references contained hereinafter.
The author, who is a member of the Faculty of Law and Economics of the University of Lyons, is not an official of the French planning services; the views expressed hereafter reflect his personal opinion only and are in no wise those of the French authorities.
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Notes
Cf., for industrialized countries, the recommendation of the Commission of the European Economic Community at Brussels, ‘Medium-term Economic Policy for the Community’, Bulletin of the EEC, No. 8, 1963, Supplement; also ‘Three Views on Planning’, Conference Board Record, New York, April 1964; for developing countries, among numerous other contributions
H. B. Chenery and K. S. Kretschmer, ‘Resource Allocation for Economic Development’, Econometrica, October 1956, pp. 365–399; also the work of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, particularly ‘An Introduction to the Technique of Programming’, New York, ECLA, 1955 (E/CN. 12/363); and Oxford Economic Papers, February 1962, on the Indian experience.
Cf. A. Nove, ‘The Industrial Planning System: Reforms in Prospect’, Soviet Studies, Oxford, July 1962.
The general principles upon which the work of the Central Planning Bureau of the Netherlands is based are set forth in J. Tinbergen, Economic Policy: Principles and Design, Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Co., 1956.
F. Perroux, ‘Le Quatrième Plan français 1962–1965; en quoi consiste notre planification indicative’, Économie appliquée, Jan.–June 1962
S. Wickham, ‘French Planning: Retrospect and Prospect’, Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1963.
Commissariat général au Plan, Programme de travail des Commissions de Modernisation pour 1964, Paris, La Documentation française, 1961.
M. Byé, ‘Le Conseil économique et social’, Revue économique, November 1962, p. 907.
F. Bourricaud, Esquisse d’une théorie del’autorité, Paris, Plon, 1961
J. Rivero, ‘Action économique de l’État et évolution administrative’, Revue économique, November 1962, p. 891.
F. Bloch-Lainé, A la recherche d’une économie concertée, Paris, Éditions de l’Épargne, 1959.
Cf. F. Perroux, ‘La propagation de l’information économique dans la société moderne’, Industria, Milan, Apr.–June 1957.
M. Byé, op. cit.; and M. Halff, ‘Rapport sur les méthodes d’élaboration du Ve Plan’, Journal officiel, 7 December 1963.
F. Bloch-Lainé, ‘Pour une réforme de l’administration économique’, Revue économique, November 1962, p. 872.
L’Action des militaires dans les commissions du IVe Plan, Paris, CFTC, September 1962, mimeographed. 1 F. Bloch-Lainé, J. D. Bredin (and others), ‘Le Nouveau Contrat social’, La Nef, Sept.–Nov. 1963; also La Documentation française, Recueils et monographies, No. 47, Rapport sur la politique des revenus établi à la suite de la Conférence des revenus (Rapport Massé), 1964.
International Labour Office, Employment Objectives in Economic Development, Geneva, 1961
M. Debeauvais, ‘Manpower Planning in Developing Countries’, International Labour Review, March 1964, pp. 317–338.
P. Bauchet, Propriété publique et planification, Paris, Éditions Cujas, 1962
S. Wickham, ‘The Development of French Railways under the French Four Year Plans’, Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Statistics, February 1962
J. K. Galbraith, Economic Development in Perspective, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1962.
D. R. Gadgil, Planning and Economic Policy in India, Poona, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 1961.
1_D. R. Gadgil, op. cit. p. 165; and A. Hirschfeld, ‘Planification, développement et coopération’, Revue des Études coopératives, No. 135, 1964, pp. 75–78.
On trade unionism in Africa, cf. J. Meynaud and Anisse Salah-Bey, Le Syndicalisme africain. Paris, Payot, 1963.
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Wickham, S. (1966). Participation in the National Development Plan and the Concept of Economic Decisions. In: Ross, A.M. (eds) Industrial Relations and Economic Development. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00306-8_14
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