Abstract
This chapter contrasts the military histories and national memories of Turks and Australasians about the Dardanelles campaigns of 1915. A set of odd and ironic parallels is presented in this chapter. Reasons are offered. Patterns are shown, as histories and memories intersect in Australasia and Turkey alike.
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Notes
Jenny Macleod (2004) ‘The British Heroic-Romantic Myth of Gallipoli’, in Jenny Macleod (ed.), Gallipoli: Making History (London: Frank Cass), chapter 4, 73–85, 167–70.
K[enneth] S[tanely] Inglis (1998, 2008) Sacred Places: War Memorials in the Australian Landscape (Carlton: Melbourne University Publishing); Bart Ziino (2007) A Distant Grief: Australians, War Graves and the Great War (Crawley, WA: The University of Western Australia Press);
Bruce Scates (2009) A Place to Remember: A History of the Shrine of Remembrance (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press).
See the essays by Karen Petrone and Keith Jeffery in Bart Ziino (ed.) (2014) Remembering the First World War (Hoboken, NJ: Taylor Sc Francis), chapters 7 and 9.
Mark David Sheftall (2009) Altered Memories of the Great War: Divergent Narratives of Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (London: LB. Tauris).
Edward Said (1978) Orientalism (New York: Pantheon).
The elevated orientation is also repeated, tilted a little further north, in the German artist M. Zeno Diemer’s near-contemporary coloured lithographic panorama produced for the Turkish market. The Australian War Memorial map collection has a version with no labelling and with labels in Osmanlıca: G7432.G1 S65 VII.4a and 4b. See also appendix to Tolga Örnek and Feza Toker (2006) Gallipoli: The Front Line Experience. Companion to the Feature-Length Documentary (Strawberry Hills, NSW: Currency Press) — companion to their 2005 documentary Gelibolu (Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Ekip Film).
Mango, Atatürk, 153–6; Edward J. Erickson (2015) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: Leadership, Strategy, Conflict (Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing), 24.
Paul Fussell’s (1975) The Great War and Modern Memory (New York: Oxford University Press) is the classic study of literary responses to the war. The phrase ‘War to End All Wars’ is probably an ironic adaptation of H. G. Wells’ newspaper articles of August 1914, reprinted in book form as The War That Will End War (London: Frank and Cecil Palmer, October 1914).
Bozkurt Güvenç (2006) The Other: Turks’ Quest for Identity and Image (Kadiköy-İstanbul: Alkım), chapter 7: ‘The Republican Revolution’.
Kant, ‘Çanakkale’s Children’, 313, 316; Bart Ziino (2013), ‘“We are Talking about Gallipoli After All”: Contested Narratives, Contested Ownership and the Gallipoli Peninsula’, in Bart Ziino and Martin Gegner (eds), The Heritage of War (London: Routledge), 146.
Marilyn Lake (1992) ‘Mission Impossible: How Men Gave Birth to the Australian Nation — Nationalism, Gender and Other Seminal Acts’, Gender and History, 4(3), 305–22;
Marilyn Lake, Henry Reynolds, Mark McKenna and Joy Damousi (2010) What’s Wrong with ANZAC?: The Militarization of Australian History (Sydney: New South Books);
Adrian Jones (2000) Follow the Gleam: A History of Essendon Primary School, 1850–2000 (Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Press), 117, 119.
Vahakn N. Dadrian and Taner Akçam (2011) Judgement at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials (New York: Berghahn Books Sc The Zoryan Institute), 23–69.
Ryan Gingeras (2009) Sorrowful Shores: Violence, Ethnicity and the End of the Ottoman Empire, 1912–1923 (Oxford: Oxford University Press);
Justin McCarthy (1995) Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims (Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press), and his (2001) The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire (London: Edward Arnold).
Kevin Fewster, Vecihi Başarın and Hatice Hürmüz Başarın (2003) Gallipoli: The Turkish Story (1985) (Sydney: Allen & Unwin), 108–11, and trans.
Ibrahim Keskin (2005) as Gelibolu 1915: Savaşla Başlayan Dostluk (İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık A.Ş.), 144–8.
Adrian Jones (2004) ‘A Note on Atatürk’s Words about Gallipoli’, History Australia, 2(1), 1–10.
Norman Itzkowitz (1996) ‘The Problem of Perceptions’, in Carl Degler (ed.), Imperial Legacy: The Ottoman Imprint on the Balkans and the Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press), 30–8.
Max Weber (1978, orig. 1922) Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Grundriß der verteilenden Soziologie, ed. Sc trans. Günter Roth and Claus Wittich (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press), vol. 1, chapters III—IV and vol. 2, chapter XII.
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© 2015 Adrian Jones
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Jones, A. (2015). Parallel Lives and Tragic Heroisms: Ottoman, Turkish and Australasian Myths about the Dardanelles Campaigns. In: Michael, M.S. (eds) Reconciling Cultural and Political Identities in a Globalized World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-49315-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-49315-6_2
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