Skip to main content

Journalism and the Civil Sphere

  • Chapter
Reporting Dangerously
  • 407 Accesses

Abstract

Today a number of global trends and endemic conflicts position journalists in harm’s way. This includes, as we have heard across preceding chapters, when reporting on repressive and warring states, criminal gangs and warlords, venal corporations and transnational terrorists — all of whom can violently disregard human rights and deliberately waste human lives. Though globally enmeshed conflicts and crises are not confined to the sharp-end of killing characterised in the new Western way of war, the particularly brutal forms of ethnic and gender-based violence associated with new wars, or new forms of mediatised transnational terror, our preceding discussion in Chapter 4 has served to highlight how global trends increasingly position not only civilians and non-combatants at risk, but also journalists.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, J. (2006) The Civil Sphere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J. (2007) The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J. (2011) Performative Revolution in Egypt: An Essay in Cultural Power. London: Bloomsbury.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J. and Giesen, B. (Eds) (2006) Social Performance: Symbolic Action, Cultural Pragmatics, and Ritual. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J.C. and Jacobs, R.N. (1998) ‘Mass Communication, Ritual and Civil Society’, in T. Liebes and J. Curran (Eds), Media, Ritual and Identity (pp. 23–41). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, S. (2006) Online News. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, S. (2013) Citizen Witnessing. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, S. (2015) ‘Visualizing Human Rights: The Video Advocacy of WITNESS’, pp. 197–210 in S. Cottle and G. Cooper (Eds), Humanitarianism, Communication and Change. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, K. (2015) Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. New York: Anchor Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahrani, Z. (2008) Rituals of War: The Body and Violence in Mesopotamia. New York: Zone Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, U. (2006) Cosmopolitan Vision. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedingfield, S. (2015) ‘Culture, Power, and Political Change: Skeptics and the Civil Sphere’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(2): 158–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, M. (1998) ‘The Journalism of Attachment’, pp. 15–22 in M. Kieran (Ed.), Media Ethics. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellah, R. (2011) Religion in Human Evolution. London: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bellah, R. and Joas, H. (Eds) (2012) The Axial Age and Its Consequences. London: Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berglez, P. (2013) Global Journalism. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benhabib, S. (2002) The Claims of Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, L. (1990) ‘Toward a Theory of Press State Relations in the United States’, Journal of Communication, 40(2): 103–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, L., Lawrence, R. and Livingston, S. (2007) When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media from Iraq to Katrina. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, A. (Ed.) (2012) Media, Mobilization and Human Rights: Mediating Suffering. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1993) The Field of Cultural Production. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandon, L. (2007) Art and War. London: I.B. Taurus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chouliaraki, L. (2006) The Spectatorship of Suffering. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chouliaraki, L. (2010) ‘Ordinary Witnessing in Post-Television News: Towards a New Moral Imagination’, Critical Discourse Studies, 7(4): 305–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clifford, L. (2015) Under Threat: The Changing State of Media Safety. International News Safety Institute. Available from <http://www.newssafety.org/under threat/> (last accessed on 30 June 2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (2006) States of Denial: Knowing about Atrocities and Suffering. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2000) Ethnic Miniorities and the Media: Changing Cultural Boundaries. Houndsmills: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (Ed.) (2003) Media Organisation. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2004) The Racist Murder of Stephen Lawrence. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2006) Mediatized Conflict: Developments in Media and Conflict Studies. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2009) Global Crisis Reporting: Journalism in the Global Age. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2011) ‘Taking Global Crises in the News Seriously: Notes From the Dark Side Of Globalization’, Global Media and Communication, 7(2): 77–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2013) ‘Journalists Witnessing Disasters: From the Calculus of Death to the Injunction to Care’, Journalism Studies, 14(2): 232–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (2014) ‘Rethinking Media and Disasters in a Global Age: What’s Changed and Why it Matters’, Media, War & Conflict, 7(1): 3–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. and Rai, M. (2006) ‘Between Display and Deliberation: Analyzing TV News as Communicative Architecture’, Media, Culture & Society, 28(2): 163–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. and Lester, L. (Eds) (2011) Transnational Protests and the Media. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. and Cooper, G. (Eds) (2015) Humanitarianism, Communications, and Change. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. and Hughes, C. (2015) ‘“The Responsibility to Protect” and the World’s Press: Establishing a New Humanitarian Norm?’, pp. 76–91 in J. Hoffmann and V. Hawkins (Eds), Communication for Peace. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. and Evans, K. (forthcoming) ‘“Massacre of The Innocents”: On the Historical Shifts in Sensibility Toward Atrocity’, in M. Brown and E. Carrabine (Eds), The Routledge International Handbook of Visual Criminology. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, D. (2014) War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice. New York: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Danchev, A. (2011) On Art and War and Terror. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, N. (1994) The Civilizing Process. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, G. (2008) The Responsibility to Report: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes. Washington DC: Brookings Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink, K. and Schudson, M. (2014) ‘The Rise of Contextual Journalism, 1950s–2000s’, Journalism, 15(1): 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forde, K. (2015) ‘Communication and the Civil Sphere: Discovering Civil Society in Journalism Studies’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(2): 113–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frazer, N. (2007) ‘Transnationalizing the Public Sphere: On the Legitimacy and Efficacy of Public Opinion in a Post-Westphalian World’, European Institiute for Progressive Cultural Change. Available from <http://eipcp.net/transversal/0605/fraser/en> (last accessed on 1 July 2015).

  • Frazer, N. and Honneth, A. (2003) Redistribution or Recognition? London: Verso.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gellner, E. (1990) Plough, Sword and Book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1985) The Nation-State and Violence. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. (2011) Winning the War on War. New York: Dutton, Pengu in Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1974) ‘The Public Sphere’, New German Critique, 3 (Autumn): 49–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1996) Between Facts and Norms. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallin, D. (1986) The ‘Uncensored War?’: The Media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harai, Y.N. (2014) Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. London: Harvill Secker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, E. and Chomsky, N. (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. London: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, R. (2003) Goya. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, L. (2007) Inventing Human Rights. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignatieff, M. (1998) The Warrior’s Honour: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience. London: Chatto and Windus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishay, M. (2008) The History of Human Rights. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, D. (2011) A Brief History of Justice. London: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Keane, J. (2009) The Life and Death of Democracy. London: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, L. and Patrick, C. (2014) The Violence of the Image: Photography and International Conflict. London: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laquer, T. (2011) ‘Mourning, Pity, and the Work of Narrative in the Making of “Humanity”’, pp. 31–57 in R. Wilson and R. Brown (Eds), Humanitarianism and Suffering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leith, D. (2004) Bearing Witness: The Lives of War Correspondents and Photojournalists. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linfield, S. (2010) The Cruel Radiance: Photography and Political Violence. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lule, J. (2012) Globalization and Media. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lull, J. (2007) Culture-On-Demand: Communication in a Crisis World. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McNair, B. (2006) Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McNair, B. (2015) Communication and Political Crisis: Media and Governance in a Globalized Public Sphere. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, M. (2012) The Sources of Social Power. Volume 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Matheson, D. and Allan, S. (2009) Digital War Reporting. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazlish, B. (2014) Reflections on the Modern and the Global. London: Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, I. (2014) War: What Is It Good For? London: Profile Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerone, J. (2015) ‘Music of the Spheres’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(2): 170–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nord, P. (2015) ‘Interest Groups, Political Communication, and Jeffrey Alexander’s Sociology of Power’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(2): 125–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, M. (2014) Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice. London: Belknap Harvard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orgad, S. (2012) Media Representation and the Global Imagination. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagden, A. (2013) The Enlightenment: And Why It Still Matters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, C. (2014) War Reporters Under Threat: The United States and Media Freedom. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popp, R. (2015) ‘Solidarity, Media and the Limits of Postcapitalist Theory’, Journal of Communication Inquiry, 39(2): 139–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perlmutter, D. (1999) Visions of War. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, J. (2011) ‘An Afterword: Torchlight Red on Sweaty Faces’, pp. 42–48 in Media Witnessing P. Frosh and A. Pinchevski (Eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinker, S. (2012) The Better Angels of Our Nature. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin, J. (2009) The Empathic Civilization. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, R. (1992) Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G. (2012) Crimes Against Humanity. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook, R. (2010) Are Foreign Correspondents Redundant? Oxford: Reuters Institute for Journalism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schudson, M. (2011) The Sociology of News. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer, P. (2011) The Expanding Circle. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverstone, R. (2007) Media and Morality: On the Rise of the Mediaopolis. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sontag, S. (1979) On Photography. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sontag, S. (2003) Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tait, S. (2011). ‘Bearing Witness, Journalism and Moral Responsibility’, Media, Culture & Society, 33(8): 1220–1235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. (1994) ‘The Politics of Recognition’, in A. Gutman (Ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition (pp. 25–74). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. (1998) Body Horror: Photojournalism, Catastrophe and War. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, A. (2007) The Media and the Rwanda Genocide. London: Pluto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. (1995) The Media and Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C. (2007) Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Torchin, L. (2012) Creating the Witness: Documenting Genocide on Film, Video and the Internet. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thorsen, E. and Allan, S. (Eds) (2014) Citizen Journalism: Global Perspectives, Volume II. London: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walzer, M. (2006) Just and Unjust Wars. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, J. (2003) The Human Journalist: Reporters, Perspectives, and Emotions. Westport: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B. (1998) Media, Technology and Society: A History from the Telegraph to the Internet. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cottle, S. (2016). Journalism and the Civil Sphere. In: Reporting Dangerously. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40670-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics