Abstract
Any conceptual or empirical analysis of the relations between ‘nationalism’ and ‘multiculturalism’ must begin by acknowledging the ambiguity of such notions—and setting aside those of their possible meanings which would make that analysis fruitless or impracticable from the outset. Thus, in the discussion that follows, the word ‘multiculturalism’ will refer exclusively, not to the fact of cultural diversity—which is characteristic of most contemporary liberal democracies—but to a specific kind of political response to that fact, so as to avoid the confusions deriving from ‘the [widespread] tendency to slide from descriptive to normative uses’1 of that most equivocal term. Similarly, and in contrast with the assumption that a nation can be defined as an ethnically homogeneous community—an assumption seemingly embraced by some of the leading scholars in the field, who tend to equate nationhood with cultural distinctiveness,2 thereby leaving it to others to account for the historical process by which nationalist movements actually invented the distinctive ‘culture’ of their nation-to-be3—I will adopt a more consensual and, at any rate, less unduly restrictive definition of that second, equally capacious notion. For the purpose of this article, the word ‘nation’ will refer to a community of people characterised by some common cultural features, mutual recognition, ‘the anonymity of membership’4 and an aspiration to collective political self-determination that distinguishes it from an ethnic group (although an ethnic group whose identity is being threatened is likely to begin to think of itself as a nation). For while ‘ethnic groups can transform themselves into national ones and national communities may define their identity in terms of common ethnic origins […], this broad area where ethnicity and nationhood overlap does not make the two phenomena identical. National unity need not refer to common descent and ethnic groups need not understand themselves as separate political communities within the wider society.’5
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Aleinikoff, Alexander, ‘Puerto Rico and the Constitution: Conundrums and Prospects’, Constitutional Commentary 11 (1994), pp. 15–43.
Amselle, Jean-Loup, Vers un multiculturalisme français: l’empire de la coutume, Paris: Aubier, 1996, 2001.
Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso, 1983.
Barry, Brian, Culture and Equality: An Egalitarian Critique of Multiculturalism, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001.
Barth, Fredrik (ed.), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference, London: Allen and Unwin, 1969.
Bauböck, Rainer, ‘Liberal Justifications for Ethnic Group Rights’, in Christian Joppke and Steven Lukes (eds), Multicultural Questions, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 134–57.
Benhabib, Seyla, ‘Nous et “les Autres”: The Politics of Complex Cultural Dialogue in a Global Civilization’, in Christian Joppke and Steven Lukes (eds), Multicultural Ques-tions, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 44–62.
Benn Michaels, Walter, ‘From Race into Culture: A Critical Genealogy of Cultural Identity’, Critical Inquiry’ 18 (1992), pp. 684–701.
Bereni, Laure and Eléonore Lépinard, Les femmes ne sont pas une catégorie. Les strategies de legitimation de la parité en France’, Revue Française de Science Politique, 54, 1 (2004), pp. 71–98.
Birnbaum, Pierre, ‘Du multiculturalisme au nationalisme’, La Pensée Politique 3 (1995), pp. 129–39.
Bleich, Erik, ‘The French Model: Color-Blind Integration’, in John David Skrentny (ed.), Color Lines: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Civil Rights Options in America, Uni-versity of Chicago Press, 2001, pp. 270–96.
Blum, Alain, ‘Comment décrire les immigrés’? A propos de quelques recherches sur l’ immigration’, Populations 3 (1998), pp. 569–87.
Borstlemann, Thomas, The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Rela ons the Global Arena, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Bowen, John, ‘France’s Headscarf Controversy’, Boston Review, February–March (2004), pp. 31–35.
Brown, David, Contemporary Nationalism. Civic., Ethnocultural, and Multicultural Politics, London: Routledge, 2000.
Buchanan, Allen, ‘The Morality of Secession’, in Will Kymlicka (ed.), The Rights of Minority Cultures, Oxford University Press, 1995, pp. 350–74.
Cairns, Alan, Citizens Plus: Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian State, Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000.
Calves, Gwénaéle, ‘Affirmative Action in French Law’, Revue Tocqueville/The Tocquev Ile Review XIX (2) 1998, pp. 167–77.
Canovan, Margaret, Nationhood and Political Theory, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1996.
Carens, Joseph, Culture, Citizenship, and Community.. An Exploration of Justice as Even-Handedness, Oxford University Press, 2000.
Charmey, Evan, ‘Identity and Liberal Nationalism’, American Political Science Review, 97 (2) (2003), pp. 295–310.
Choudhry, Sujit, ‘National Minorities and Ethnic Immigrants: Liberalism’s Political Soci-ology’, Journal of Political Philosophy 10 (1) (2002), pp. 54–78.
Crowley, John, ‘The Adjudication of Ethnic Claims’, Questions de recherche/Research in Question (2001), 3. (On line at www.ceri-sciences.po.org/publica/question/qdr3.pdf)
Deloria, Vine and David Wilkins, Tribes, Treaties, and Constitutional Tribulations, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999.
Dieckhoff, Alain, ‘Beyond Conventional Wisdom: Cultural and Political Nationalism Revisited’, this volume.
Donzelot, Jacques, Faire société: la politique de la ville aux Etats-Unis et en Frnce, Paris: Seuil, 2003.
Dudziak, Mary, Cold War Civil Rights. Race and the Image of American Democracy, Princeton University Press, 2000.
Elster, Jon, Local Justice: How Institutions Allocate Goods and Necessary Burdens, Cam-bridge University Press, 1992.
Estebe, Philippe, L’Usage des quartiers: action publique et géographie dans la politique de la ville, Paris: 12 Harmattan, 2004.
Etzioni, Amitai, The Monochrome Society., Princeton University Press, 2001.
Favell, Adrian, Philosophies of Integration: Immigration and the Idea of Citizenship in France and Britain, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
Fenton, Steve, Ethnicity (Key Concepts), Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003.
Finkelkraut, Alain, La défaite de la pensée, Paris: Gallimard, 1987.
Freud, Sigmund, Civilization and Its Discontents, New York: Norton, 1930, 1989.
Fuchs, Lawrence, The American Kaleidoscope: Race, Ethnicity, and the Civic Culture, Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1990.
Gagnon, Alain-G. and James Tully (eds), Multinational Democracies, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Geertz, Clifford, The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Gellner, Ernest, Nations and Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.
Gellner, Ernest, Culture, Identity; and Politics, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Glazer, Nathan, Ethnic Dilemmas, 1964–1982, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Gleason, Philip, ‘American Identity and Americanization’, in William Petersen, Philip Gleason and Michael Novak (eds), Concepts of Ethnicity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.
Gordon, Milton, Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins, New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.
Gutmann, Amy (ed.), Multiculturalism and ‘The Politics of Recognition’ Princeton University Press, 1992.
Hartz, Louis, The Liberal Tradition in America: An Interpretation of American Political Thought Since the Revolution, New York: Harcourt, 1955.
Higham, John, ‘Cultural Responses to Immigration’, in Neil Smelser and Jeffrey Alexander (eds), Diversity and Its Discontents, Princeton University Press, 1999, pp. 39–61.
Hobsbawm, Eric and Terence Ranger, The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Hollinger, David, Postethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism, New York: Basic Books, 1995.
Hollinger, David, ‘National Culture and Communities of Descent’, Reviews in American History 26 (1998), pp. 312–28.
Huntington, Samuel, American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Ignatieff, Michael, Blood and Belonging: Journeys Into the New Nationalism, New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1993.
Jefferson, Thomas (1954) [1785], Notes on the State of Virginia (William Peden, ed.), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Jelen, Christian, ‘La Régression multiculturaliste’, Le Débat 97 (1997), pp. 137–43.
Jennings, Jeremy, ‘Citizenship, Republicanism and Multiculturalism in Contemporary France’, British Journal of Political Science 30, 4 (2000), pp. 575–98.
Joppke, Christian and Steven Lukes (eds), Multicultural Questions, Oxford University Press, 1999.
Karmis, Dimitrios and Alain-G. Gagnon, ‘Federalism, Federation and Collective Identities in Canada and Belgium: Different Routes, Similar Fragmentation’, in Alain-G. Gagnon and James Tully (eds), Multinational Democracies, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 137–75.
Kane, John, ‘From Ethnic Exclusion to Ethnic Diversity: The Australian Path to Multiculturalism’, in Ian Shapiro and Will Kymlicka (eds), Ethnicity and Group Rights: Nomos XXYIX, New York University Press, 1997, pp. 540–71.
Klinkner, Philip and Rogers Smith, The Unsteady March: The Rise and Decline of Racial Equality in America, University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Kohn, Hans ( 1957, 1982), American Nationalism: Its Meaning and History, Malabar, FL: Krieger.
Kull, Andrew, The Color-Blind Constitution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
Kymlicka, Will, Finding our Way: Rethinking Ethnocultural Relations in Canada, Oxford University Press, 1998.
Kymlicka, Will, Liberalism, Community, and Culture, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
Kymlicka, Will, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, Oxford University Press, 1995.
Kymlicka, Will, Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship, Oxford University Press, 2001.
Kymlicka, Will, (eds), The Rights of Minority Cultures, Oxford University Press, 1995.
Kymlicka, Will, States, Nations and Cultures, Assen: Van Gorcum, 1997.
Laborde, Cécile, ‘The Culture(s) of the Republic: Nationalism and Multiculturalism in French Republican Thought’, Political Theory 29, 5 (2001), pp. 716–35.
Lacorne, Denis, La Crise de l’identité américaine: du melting-pot au multiculturalisme, Paris: Fayard, 1997.
Le Bras, Hervé, Le Démon des origines: démographie et extréme droite, La Tour d’Aigues: Ed. de l’Aube, 1998.
Levy, Jacob, ‘Classifying Cultural Rights’, in Ian Shapiro and Will Kymlicka (eds), Eth-nicity and Group Rights: Nomos XXXIX, New York University Press, 1997, pp. 22–66.
Lind, Michael, The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution, New York: Free Press, 1995.
Macmillan, Michael, The Practice of Language Rights in Canada, University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Margalit, Avishai and Joseph Raz, ‘National Self-Determination’, Journal of Philosophy 87 (1990), pp. 439–61.
Mason, Andrew, ‘Political Community, Liberal-Nationalism, and the Ethics of Assimilation’, Ethics 109 (1999), pp. 261–86.
Miller, David, On Nationality, Oxford University Press, 1995.
Moruzi, Norma C., ‘A Problem with Headscarves: Contemporary Complexities of Political and Social Identities’, Political Theory 22, 4 (1994), pp. 653–72.
Nielson, Kai, ‘Cultural Nationalism: Neither Ethnic nor Civic’, Philosophical Forum, 28, 1–2 (1996), pp. 53–72.
Oudghiri, Rémy and Daniel Sabbagh, ‘Des usages de la “diversité”. Elements pour une généalogie du multiculturalisme américain’, Revue Française de Science Politique 49, 3 (1999), pp. 443–68.
Pfaff, William, The Wrath of Nations: Civilization and the Furies of Nationalism, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.
Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Raynaud, Philippe, ‘Multiculturalisme et démocratie’, Le Débat 97 (1997), pp. 153–7.
Resnick, Judith, ‘Dependent Sovereigns: Indian Tribes, States, and the Federal Courts’, Uni-versity of Chicago Law Review 56 (1989), pp. 671–759.
Sabbagh, Daniel, L’Égalité par le droit. Les paradoxes de la discrimination positive aux États-Unis, Paris: Economica, 2003.
Schnapper, Dominique, Community of Citizens: On the Modern Idea of Nationality, New Brunswick: Transaction, 1998.
Schuck, Peter, Diversity in America: Keeping Government at a Safe Distance, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Shapiro, Ian and Will Kymlicka (eds), Ethnicity and Group Rights: Nomos XXXIX, New York University Press, 1997.
Shulman, Stephen, ‘Challenging the Civic/Ethnic and West/East Dichotomies in the Study of Nationalism’, Comparative Political Studies 35, 5 (2002), pp. 554–85.
Smith, Anthony D., National Identity, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991.
Smith, Rogers, Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History, Yale University Press, 1997.
Song, Sarah, ‘Culture, Gender, and Equality’, PhD dissertation, Yale University, Department of Political Science, 2003.
Spinner-Haley, Jeff, ‘Cultural Pluralism and Partial Citizenship’, in Christian Joppke and Steven Lukes (eds), Multicultural Questions, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 65–86.
Taguieff, Pierre-André, Les fins de l’antiracisme, Paris: Michalon, 1995.
Tamir, Yael, Liberal Nationalism, Princeton University Press, 1993.
Taylor, Charles, ‘The Politics of Recognition’, in Amy Gutmann (ed.), Multiculturalism and The Politics of Recognition’, Princeton University Press, 1992, pp. 25–73.
Taylor, Charles, Reconciling the Solitudes: Essays on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism, Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1993.
Todorov, Tzvetan, ‘Du culte de la différence à la sacralisation de la victime’, Esprit 212 (1996), pp. 90–102.
Touraine, Alain, Pourrons-nous vivre ensemble? Égaux et différents, Paris: Fayard, 1997.
Tribalat, Michèle, Faire France: les immigrés et leurs enfants, Paris: La Découverte, 1995.
Van Dyke, Vernon, ‘The Individual, the State and Ethnic Communities in Political Theory’, World Politics 29 (1976–7), pp. 343–69.
Waldron, Jeremy (1992), ‘Minority Cultures and the Cosmopolitan Alternative’, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 25, 3–4 (1992), pp. 751–92.
Walzer, Michael, ‘Comment’, in Amy Gutmann (ed.), Multiculturalism and The Politics of Recognition’, Princeton University Press, 1992, pp. 99–103.
Walzer, Michael, ‘What Does it Mean to be an American?’, Social Research 57 (1990), pp. 591–614.
Walzer, Michael, On Toleration, Yale University Press, 1997.
Ward, Cynthia, ‘The Limits of “Liberal Republicanism”: Why Group-Based Remedies and Republican Citizenship Don’t Mix’, Columbia Law Review 91, 3 (1991), pp. 581–607.
Weil, Patrick, Qu’est-ce qu’un Français? Histoire de la nationalité française depuis la Révolution, Paris: Grasset, 2002.
Wieviorka, Michel, ‘Culture, société et démocratie’, in Michel Wieviorka (ed.), Une société fragmentée?: Le multiculturalisme en débat, Paris: La Découverte, 1990, pp. 11–60.
Williams, Bernard, Making Sense of Humanity and Other Philosophical Papers 1982–1993, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Young, Iris Marion, Justice and the Politics of Difference, Princeton University Press, 1990.
Young, Iris Marion, Inclusion and Democracy, Oxford University Press, 2000.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2005 Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Internationales, Paris
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sabbagh, D. (2005). Nationalism and Multiculturalism. In: Dieckhoff, A., Jaffrelot, C. (eds) Revisiting Nationalism. The CERI series in Comparative Politics and International Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10326-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10326-0_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-73673-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-10326-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)