Abstract
Over the centuries the sea has been used for the passage of goods and people, defense or invasion, and the exploitation of resources in or under it. The history of civilization has been inextricably linked to the sea in terms of geography, development, economy and trade, conflict and security, and culture and way of life. Ironically, it is only in relatively recent years that the integral linkages between the world’s oceans, the global environment and life support systems, and the quality of human life have become recognized and even vaguely understood. This has come out of necessity — our oceans and coastal environments are severely threatened worldwide.
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Notes
The largest number of fisheries — 44 per cent — are classified as heavily to fully exploited, with 25 per cent having been fished beyond sustainable limits. See UN Food and Agriculture Organization, State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (Rome: FAO, 1995).
This is associated with the concept of ‘humane governance’. See Richard Falk, On Humane Governance: Toward a New Global Politics (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995).
Elisabeth Mann Borgese, ‘Understanding and managing the oceans’, Maritime Security Working Papers No 7/8 [Special Edition: Oceans and Security] (Halifax: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, 1997).
Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Sustainable Development in the Oceans: Focus Report for Rio+5 (Halifax: International Ocean Institute, 1997).
Nazli Choucri, Partnership and Solidarity: North/South Issues, prepared for the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1 July 1997).
Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Oceans Governance and the United Nations (Halifax: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, 1995).
Olaf Palme et al., Common Security: A Programme for Disarmament (London: Pan Books, 1982).
Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2nd edition, 1991).
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 1995 (New York: UNDP, 1995).
See, for example, Elisabeth Mann Borgese, ed., Peace in the Oceans: Ocean Governance and the Agenda for Peace, The Proceedings of Pacem in Maribus XXIII, Costa Rica, 3–7 December 1995, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission technical series 47 (Paris: UNESCO, 1997);
and Peter Payoyo, Oceans for Peace and Development: A Comparative Chart of Principles, Required Initiatives, and Institutional Mechanisms Under the Reports of the Secretary-General: an Agenda for Peace, and an Agenda for Development; The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and Chapter 17 of Agenda 21; and The Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development (Halifax: International Ocean Institute, 1995).
These are often referred to as ‘small s’ security issues, as they fall in the area of constabulary or coastguard operations rather than more traditional naval military operations. See, for example, Sam Bateman and Dick Sherwood, eds, Oceans Management Policy: The Strategic Dimension, Wollongong Papers on Maritime Policy No. 1 (Wollongong: University of Wollongong, 1994).
Fred W. Crickard et al., eds, Multinational Naval Co-operation and Foreign Policy into the 21st Century (Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company, 1997).
Peter T Haydon, ed., Naval Confidence-Building in the Middle East (Halifax: Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, 1996).
See Stephen C. Calleya, ‘The Euro-Mediterranean process after Malta: What prospects?’, Mediterranean Politics, 2(2) (1997), 1–2.
Tozun Bahcheli et al., Greek-Turkish Relations and US Foreign Policy: Cyprus, the Aegean, and Regional Stability (Washington: United States Institute of Peace, 1997).
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© 2000 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Herbert, G.J., Shaw, T.M. (2000). Oceans Governance and Human Security Towards the End of the Century: Regional Approaches. In: Chircop, A., Gerolymatos, A., Iatrides, J.O. (eds) The Aegean Sea after the Cold War. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08879-6_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08879-6_14
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