Abstract
Campaigns to rein in major weapon systems date back a very long time, at least to Pope Innocent II’s effort to ban the crossbow in 1139. Most such efforts have been only partly or temporarily successful. (Innocent’s own campaign failed to take hold, and the crossbow was widely used until rendered obsolete by a deadlier weapon, the English longbow.1) Governments are instinctively averse to abandoning militarily useful weapons and to waiving their rights to acquire them. Unless done unilaterally, with no expectation of reciprocity from others, arms restraint requires a great deal of international cooperation and inevitably some degree of trust and risk, three things to which countries that function in a formal state of anarchy are at least semi-averse. Still, the twentieth century—perhaps because it was one of the bloodiest on record—witnessed a greater number of arms control and disarmament plans, programs, and agreements than any century previous.
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Durch, W.J. (2000). Assessing Supply-Side Arms Control. In: Constructing Regional Security. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08052-3_5
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