Skip to main content

Part of the book series: The New Middle Ages ((TNMA))

  • 54 Accesses

Abstract

In March 1850, a hole five feet deep and ten feet wide was opened in the south aisle of the Cathedral Church of St. Andrew, Wells. It was found, like most historical ventures, to be in a “very dry state.” “It contained one skeleton only, and a few handfuls of dark mould. ….What remained of the bones was of a dark chocolate colour.”1 Such were the remains of Thomas Beckyngton, eminent historical object, former secretary to Henry VI, and bishop of Bath and Wells. What most impressed the nineteenth-century physician who presided at the disinterment was the skull, which he evaluated with the science of comparative phrenology in mind. Beckyngton had “good frontal development,” and good occipital development for that matter: the cranial circumference a solid twenty-two and one-eighth inches at the ear. Inevitably, we give our times and ourselves away.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. A. Judd, The Life of Thomas Bekynton (Chichester: Marc Fitch Fund, 1961);

    Google Scholar 

  2. Guy Fitch Lytle, “ ‘Wykehamist Culture’ in Pre-Reformation England,” in Winchester College: Sixth-Centenary Essays, ed. Roger Custance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 143–48.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Christopher Daniell, Death and Burial in Medieval England 1066–1550 (London: Routledge, 1997), pp. 69–70

    Google Scholar 

  4. Margaret Aston, “Death,” in Fifteenth-Century Attitudes, ed. Rosemary Horrox (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 225–27.

    Google Scholar 

  5. William Worcestre, Itineraries, ed. John Harvey (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), p. 294.

    Google Scholar 

  6. William Dunbar, Selected Poems, ed. Priscilla Bawcutt (London: Longman, 1996), pp. 105–110.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Richard D. Logan, “A Conception of the Self in the Later Middle Ages,” Journal of Medieval History 12 (1986): 253–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Miri Rubin, “Small Groups: Identity and Solidarity in the Late Middle Ages,” in Enterprise and Individuals in Fifteenth-Century England, ed. Jennifer Kermode (Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1991), pp. 132–50;

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gervase Rosser, “Essence of Medieval Urban Communities,” in The English Medieval Town. A Reader in English Urban History 1200–1540, ed. Richard Holt and Gervase Rosser (London: Longman, 1990), pp. 216–37;

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sheila Lindenbaum, “Ceremony and Oligarchy:The London Midsummer Watch,” in City and Spectacle in Medieval Europe ed. Barbara A. Hanawalt and Kathryn L. Reyerson (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), pp. 171–88;

    Google Scholar 

  11. Heather Swanson, Medieval British Towns (Houndmills, Basingstoke: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), pp. 90–96.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Karma Lochrie, Margery Kempe and the Translations of the Flesh (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991);

    Google Scholar 

  13. Clarissa Atkinson, Mystic and Pilgrim: The Book and World of Margery Kempe (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jennifer Kermode, Medieval Merchants: York, Beverly, and Hull in the Later Middle Ages (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998);

    Google Scholar 

  15. Caroline Barron, “Richard Whittingdon: The Man Behind the Myth,” in Studies in London History Presented to Philip Edmund Jones, ed. A.E.J. Hollaender and W.J. Kellaway (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969), pp. 197–248;

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sylvia Thrupp, The Merchant Class of Medieval London (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1948), pp. 191–377;

    Google Scholar 

  17. Robert Gottfried, Bury St. Edmunds and the Urban Crisis of the Later Middle Ages, 1290–1530 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), p. 131–32

    Google Scholar 

  18. Natalie Zemon Davis, “Boundaries and the Sense of Self in Sixteenth-Century France,” in Reconstructing Individualism. Autonomy, Individuality and the Self in Western Thought, ed. Thomas C. Heller, Morton Sosna, and David E. Wellerby (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986), p. 53.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou. Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324, trans. Barbara Bray (London: Penguin, 1978);

    Google Scholar 

  20. Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and theWorms.The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller, trans. John and Anne Tedeschi (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nancy Partner, “Reading the Book of Margery Kempe,” Exemplaria 3 (1991): 29–66,

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice, trans. Richard Nice (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 86.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  23. Charles Taylor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 187–210,

    Book  Google Scholar 

  24. Richard Tuck, “Rights and Pluralism,” in Philosophy in an Age of Pluralism, ed. James Tully (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 159–70.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. For instance, Richard Southern, St. Anselm. A Portrait in a Landscape (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990);

    Google Scholar 

  26. Michael Prestwich, Edward I (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988);

    Google Scholar 

  27. Michael Clanchy, Abelard. A Medieval Life (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999);

    Google Scholar 

  28. C.E. Moreton, The Townshends and their World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 5–49;

    Google Scholar 

  29. Nigel Saul, Scenes from Provincial Life. Knightly Families in Sussex. 1280–1400 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986);

    Google Scholar 

  30. Colin Richmond, John Hopton. A Fifteenth-Century Suffolk Gentleman (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1981).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  31. Judith M. Bennett, A Medieval Life: Cecilia Penifader of Brigstock, c. 1295–1344 (Boston: McGraw-Hill College, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  32. See Alison Hanham, The Celys and their World (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. Colin Richmond, The Paston Family in the Fifteenth Century, 2 vols. (Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 1996).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. Sherri Olson, A Chronicle of All that Happens. Voices from the Village Court in Medieval England (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1996);

    Google Scholar 

  35. Zvi Razi, “Intrafamilial ties and relationships in the medieval village: a quantitative approach employing manor court rolls,” in Medieval Society and the Manor Court, ed. Zvi Razi and Richard Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 369–91.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Marjorie Keniston McIntosh, Controlling Misbehavior in England, 1370–1600 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  37. John F. Benton, ed., Self and Society in Medieval France. The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert de Nogent (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984; orig. ed. 1970);

    Google Scholar 

  38. Walter Ullmann, The Individual and Society in the Middle Ages (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1966);

    Google Scholar 

  39. Robert Hanning, The Individual in Twelfth-Century Romance (New Haven, Conn.:Yale University Press, 1977);

    Google Scholar 

  40. Richard W. Southern, Medieval Humanism and other Studies (Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1970);

    Google Scholar 

  41. Aron Gurevich, The Origins of European Individualism, trans. Katherine Judelson (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995),

    Google Scholar 

  42. Stephen D. White and Richard T. Vann, “The Invention of English Individualism: Alan Macfarlane and the Modernization of pre-Modern England,” Social History 8 (1983): 345–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Caroline Walker Bynum, “Did the Twelfth Century Discover the Individual?” in Jesus as Mother. Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), pp. 82–109.

    Google Scholar 

  44. See Joan Scott, “The Evidence of Experience,” Critical Inquiry 17 (1991): 773–97;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. R.G. Collingwood, The Idea of History, revised edition, ed. Jan van der Dussen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 282–302.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Example, David Hume, History of England (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1985), almost any page will show this.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Keith Hopkins, A World Full of Gods. The Strange Triumph of Christianity (New York: Free Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method (New York: Seabury Press, 1984; orig. 1960);

    Google Scholar 

  49. Paul Ricoeur, Oneself as Another, trans. Kathleen Blarney (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994);

    Google Scholar 

  50. Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989);

    Google Scholar 

  51. Michael Fitzhugh and William Leckie, “Agency, Postmodernism, and The Causes of Change,” History and Theory 40 (2001): 59–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Pierre Bourdieu, Logic of Practice, trans. Richard Nice (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 1990);

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jakob Burckhardt, The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy, trans. S.G.C. Middlemore (London, 1944), p. 81.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2005 David Gary Shaw

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shaw, D.G. (2005). Introduction: The Self in Social History. In: Necessary Conjunctions: The Social Self in Medieval England. The New Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06791-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06791-3_1

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-73357-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-06791-3

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics