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PUFAs and Their Metabolites in Carcinogenesis

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Molecular Biochemical Aspects of Cancer

Abstract

DNA damage due to endogenous and exogenous agents leads to activation of oncogenes. To prevent the activation of oncogenesis, there are many endogenous DNA repair mechanisms. But less well-known is the observation that essential fatty acids and their metabolites participate in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Our studies revealed that essential fatty acids and their metabolites such as prostaglandins have modulator influence on mutagenesis and DNA repair process. It appears that bioactive lipids (that include not only essential fatty acids and their long-chain metabolites such as GLA, DGLA AA, EPA, and DHA but also prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, lipoxins resolvins, protectins, and maresins) are able to act on the immune system to eliminate cells harboring DNA damage (this includes cells that contain micronucleus and bacterial and viral DNA and their genes). This interaction among bioactive lipids, immunocytes, and cytokines seems to be critical to prevent carcinogenesis and cancer. Alternatively, these bioactive lipids are able to eliminate cancer cells by their direct cytotoxic action on tumor cells. In addition, some, if not all, of the bioactive lipids are able to activate immunocytes, enhance the formation of toxic lipid peroxides in tumor cells, and mediate the cytotoxic action of various cytokines to induce apoptosis of tumor cells and eliminate them.

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  1. BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India

    Undurti N. Das

  2. UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, USA

    Undurti N. Das

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Das, U.N. (2020). PUFAs and Their Metabolites in Carcinogenesis. In: Molecular Biochemical Aspects of Cancer. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0741-1_4

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