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Introduction to Genes, Oncogenes, and Anti-oncogenes

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Molecular Biochemical Aspects of Cancer

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Abstract

Cancer is a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality in many countries across the globe though the type of cancers is different in different countries. The exact cause of majority of the cancers is not clear. Environmental agents (that include many mutagens and carcinogens) are considered to cause more than 50% of cancers. DNA damage leading to activation of oncogenes seems to be the underlying cause of cancer. In addition, suppression of the tumor suppressor genes is also at the center of the onset of cancer. Under normal physiological conditions, the immune system of the body recognizes tumor cells as foreign and mounts an attack to eliminate them. Cancer-specific antigens being weak antigens’ stimulation to the immune system is not adequate to mount a successful attack and eliminate them. As a result of DNA damage, there will be alterations in the activity and/or expression of p53, PTEN, ghrelin, leptin, Ras/Raf/ERK1/2, and PI3K/Akt and PIP3 that cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in changes in cell survival and function, growth, proliferation, migration, and cell size that ultimately leads to the development of cancer.

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  1. BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India

    Undurti N. Das

  2. UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, USA

    Undurti N. Das

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Das, U.N. (2020). Introduction to Genes, Oncogenes, and Anti-oncogenes. In: Molecular Biochemical Aspects of Cancer. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0741-1_1

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