Skip to main content

Behavioral and Psychosocial Treatments of Dementia in Mexico

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Caring for Latinxs with Dementia in a Globalized World

Abstract

The increase of the elder population in Mexico has led to a growth in individuals with chronic diseases among which the dementias stand out. Approximately 800,000 people in Mexico have some form of dementia, a figure that will triple in the next 30 years. The accelerated process of aging of the population that has occurred in the past years has led to the need by the health system to prioritize the timely diagnosis of degenerative diseases including dementia, leaving the intervention in the background and oriented exclusively to the family as an instrument for the application of treatments. In a context of great social inequalities and economic constraints, the family must cope with the multiple manifestations of dementia related to the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, within which the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms occupy a predominant place because of their negative effect on the patient’s health and on the mental health of the caregiver. The lack of access to nursing homes and related facilities, in-home registered nurses and home health aides, and other home- and community-based services in Mexico leaves the management of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia in the hands of families and caregivers who accomplish the caring process in highly disadvantaged contexts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Seguro Popular is a public health insurance that covers a wide range of services without co-payments for its affiliates.

References

  • Angel, J. L., Angel, R. J., López-Ortega, M., Robledo, L. M. G., & Wallace, R. B. (2016). Institutional context of family eldercare in Mexico and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 31(3), 327–336.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arriagada, I. (2010). La crisis del cuidado en Chile. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (23)27, 58–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ávila-Funes, J. A., Melano-Carranza, E., Payette, H., & Amieva, H. (2007). Síntomas depresivos como factor de riesgo de dependencia en adultos mayores. Salud Pública de México, 49(5), 367–375.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azermai, M., Petrovic, M., Elseviers, M. M., Bourgeois, J., Van Bortel, L. M., & Vander Stichele, R. H. (2012). Systematic appraisal of dementia guidelines for the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms. Ageing Research Reviews, 11(1), 78–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beinart, N., Weinman, J., Wade, D., & Brady, R. (2012). Caregiver burden and psychoeducational interventions in Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders extra, 2(1), 638–648.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, S., & Thomas, A. J. (2014). Depression and dementia: Cause, consequence or coincidence? Maturitas, 79, 184–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bojorquez-Chapela, I., Villalobos-Daniel, V. E., Manrique-Espinoza, B. S., Tellez-Rojo, M. M., & Salinas-Rodríguez, A. (2009). Depressive symptoms among poor older adults in Mexico: Prevalence and associated factors. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 26(1), 70–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byers, A. L., & Yaffe, K. (2011). Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nature Reviews Neurology, 7, 323–331.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, P., Wright, J., Oyebode, J., Job, D., Crome, P., Bentham, P., & Lendon, C. (2008). Determinants of burden in those who care for someone with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(10), 1078–1085.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campos, B., Ullman, J. B., Aguilera, A., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2014). Familism and psychological health: The intervening role of closeness and social support. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 20(2), 191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Mansfield, J. (2001). Nonpharmacologic interventions for inappropriate behaviors in dementia: A review, summary, and critique. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 9(4), 361–381.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corsi, J. (2001). Violencia Familiar: Una Mirada interdisciplinaria sobre un grave problema social. Argentina: Paidos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferri, C. P., Ames, D., & Prince, M. (2004). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in developing countries. International Psychogeriatrics, 16(4), 441–459.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finkel, S. I., e Silva, J. C., Cohen, G., Miller, S., & Sartorius, N. (1997). Behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia: A consensus statement on current knowledge and implications for research and treatment. International Psychogeriatrics, 8(S3), 497–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frisoni, G., Rozzini, L., Gozzetti, A., Binetti, G., Zanetti, O., Bianchetti, A., & Cummings, J. (1999). Behavioral syndromes in Alzheimer’s disease: Description and correlates. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 10(2), 130–138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher-Thompson, D., Haley, W., Guy, D., Rupert, M., Argüelles, T., Zeiss, L. M., & Ory, M. (2003). Tailoring psychological interventions for ethnically diverse dementia caregivers. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(4), 423–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher-Thompson, D., Talamantes, M., Ramirez, R., & Valverde, I. (1996). Service delivery issues and recommendations for working with Mexican American family caregivers. Ethnicity and the Dementias, 137–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauthier, S., Cummings, J., Ballard, C., Brodaty, H., Grossberg, G., Robert, P., & Lyketsos, C. (2010). Management of behavioral problems in Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(03), 346–372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, C., Creese, J., Tran, M., Brazil, K., Chambers, L., Weaver, B., & Bédard, M. (2014). The psychological and health consequences of caring for a spouse with dementia: A critical comparison of husbands and wives. Journal of Women & Aging, 26(1), 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Global Action against Dementia. (2013). G8 Dementia Summit, UK. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/265869/2901668_G8_DementiaSummitDeclaration_acc.pdf.

  • Gonyea, J. G., López, L. M., & Velásquez, E. H. (2016). The effectiveness of a culturally sensitive cognitive behavioral group intervention for Latino Alzheimer’s caregivers. The Gerontologist, 56(2), 292–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez Robledo LM, & Arrieta Cruz I (coords.) (2014). Plan de Acción Alzheimer y otras Demencias. México. 2014. México: Instituto Nacional de Geriatría/Secretaría de Salud.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, L., Chambers, D., Velásquez, A., Gonzalez, H., & Haan, M. (2006). Dementia neuropsychiatric symptom severity, help-seeking patterns, and family caregiver unmet needs in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA). Clinical Gerontologist, 29(4), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, L., Haan, M., Geller, S., & Mungas, D. (2003). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Latino elders with dementia or cognitive impairment without dementia and factors that modify their association with caregiver depression. The Gerontologist, 43(5), 669–677.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, L., Tomaszewski Farias, S., & Wegelin, J. (2008). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with disability in cognitively impaired Latino elderly with and without dementia: Results from the Sacramento Area Latino study on Aging. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(1), 102–108.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • INEGI. (2014). Estadísticas a propósito del día internacional de las personas de edad. Datos Nacionales. México: Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística.

    Google Scholar 

  • INEGI. (2015). Sistema de cuentas nacionales de México. Cuenta satélite del sector salud de México 2013. Preliminar. Año base 2008. México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez, D. E., Bartels, S. J., Cardenas, V., Dhaliwal, S. S., & Alegría, M. (2012). Cultural beliefs and mental health treatment preferences of ethnically diverse older adult consumers in primary care. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(6), 533–542.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jorm, A. F. (2000). Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span. Psychological Medicine, 30(01), 11–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kar, N. (2009). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and their management. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(5), 77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, G., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Paton, J., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(11), 1996–2021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • López-Ortega, M. (2014). The family household and informal old age care in Mexico. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 40(2), 235–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • López-Ortega, M., & Gutiérrez-Robledo, L. M. (2015). Percepciones y valores en torno a los cuidados de las personas adultas mayores. In: Luis Miguel Gutiérrez Robledo y Liliana Giraldo (coord.) Realidades y expectativas frente a la nueva vejez. Encuesta Nacional de Envejecimiento. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, pp. 113–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lövheim, H., Sandman, P. O., Kallin, K., Karlsson, S., & Gustafson, Y. (2006). Relationship between antipsychotic drug use and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in old people with cognitive impairment living in geriatric care. International Psychogeriatrics, 18(04), 713–726.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, I., Hill, G., Nilsson, T. H., & Kozma, A. (2002). Patterns and health effects of caring for people with dementia. The Gerontologist, 42(5), 643–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mejia-Arango, S., & Gutierrez, L. M. (2011). Prevalence and incidence rates of dementia and cognitive impairment no dementia in the Mexican population: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Journal of Aging and Health, 23(7), 1050–1074.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mejía-Arango, S., Wong, R., & Michaels-Obregón, A. (2015). Normative and standardized data for cognitive measures in the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Salud Pública de México, 57, s90–s96.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mejia-Arango, S., & Zuniga, C. (2011). Diabetes mellitus como factor de riesgo de demencia en la población adulta mayor mexicana. Revista de Neurologia, 53(7), 397.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitrani, V., & Czaja, S. (2000). Family-based therapy for dementia caregivers: Clinical observations. Aging & Mental Health, 4, 200–209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montes de Oca, V. (1999). Diferencias de género en el sistema de apoyo a la población envejecida en México, en Papeles de Población, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Población, UAEM, Nueva época Año 5, No. 19, enero-marzo, p. 149–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nigenda, G., López-Ortega, M., Matarazzo, C., & Juárez-Ramírez, C. (2007). La atención de los enfermos y discapacitados en el hogar. Retos para el sistema de salud mexicano. Salud Pública de México, 49(4), 286–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nobles, J. (2013). Migration and father absence: Shifting family structure in Mexico. Demography, 50(4), 1303–1314.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prince, M. (2000). Dementia in developing countries. A consensus statement from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(1), 14–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prince, M. (2004). Care arrangements for people with dementia in developing countries. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(2), 170–177.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prince, M., Comas-Herrera, A., Knapp, M., Guerchet, M., & Karagiannidou, M. (2016). World Alzheimer report 2016. Improving healthcare for people living with dementia: Coverage, quality and costs now and in the future.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robles, L. & Pérez, A. C. (2012). Expectativas sobre la obligación filial: Comparación de dos generaciones en México. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 10(1), 527–540.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robles Silva, L. (2001). El fenómeno de las cuidadoras: Un efecto invisible del envejecimiento. Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, 16(3), 61–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez L, Sotolongo O, Gladys L, & Calvo M. (2012). Violencia sobre personas de la tercera edad con demencia Policlínico Cristóbal Labra Lisa.2010. Rev Haban Cienc Méd [Internet]. 11(5), 709–726.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruelas González, M. G., & Salgado de Snyder, V. N. (2009). Factores asociados con el auto-reporte de maltrato en adultos mayores de México. Rev Chil Salud Publica, 13(2), 90–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savva, G. M., Zaccai, J., Matthews, F. E., Davidson, J. E., McKeith, I., & Brayne, C. (2009). Prevalence, correlates and course of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the population. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(3), 212–219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawatzky, J. E., & Fowler-Kerry, S. (2003). Impact of caregiving: Listening to the voice of informal caregivers. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10(3), 277–286.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, R., & Sherwood, P. R. (2008). Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving. Journal of Social Work Education, 44(3), 105–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M., Gerdner, L. A., Hall, G. R., & Buckwalter, K. C. (2004). History, development, and future of the progressively lowered stress threshold: A conceptual model for dementia care. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(10), 1755–1760.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thiyagarajan, J., Prince, M., & Webber, M. (2014). Social support network typologies and health outcomes of older people in low and middle income countries–A 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based study. International Review of Psychiatry, 26(4), 476–485.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, G. C. (1991). A network typology: From theory to practice. Journal of Aging Studies, 5(2), 147–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiglesworth, A., Mosqueda, L., Mulnard, R., Liao, S., Gibbs, L., & Fitzgerald, W. (2010). Screening for abuse and neglect of people with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(3), 493–500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. S., Hoganson, G. M., Rajan, K. B., Barnes, L. L., De Leon, C. M., & Evans, D. A. (2010). Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 75(1), 21–26.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, R., Michaels-Obregón, A., Palloni, A., Gutiérrez-Robledo, L. M., González-González, C., López-Ortega, M., … Mendoza-Alvarado, L. R. (2015). Progression of aging in Mexico: the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Salud Pública de México, 57, S79–S89.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2012). Dementia: A Public Health Priority. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/98377/1/9789275318256_spa.pdf.

  • Zúñiga-Santamaría, T., Sosa-Ortiz, A. L., Alonso-Vilatela, M. E., Acosta-Castillo, I., & Casas-Martínez, M. D. L. L. (2010). Dependencia y maltrato en el anciano con demencia. Persona y Bioética, 14, 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvia Mejía-Arango .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Mejía-Arango, S., López-Ortega, M., Barba-Ramírez, L. (2020). Behavioral and Psychosocial Treatments of Dementia in Mexico. In: Adames, H., Tazeau, Y. (eds) Caring for Latinxs with Dementia in a Globalized World. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0132-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0132-7_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0130-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0132-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics