Abstract
The word endoscopy is of Greek derivation in which endon means internal, and skopein means to examine. Healers from Hippocrates’ time have adapted primitive viewing instruments to peer into dark and yet-undiscovered body crevasses, in an attempt to understand and relieve human suffering [1]. Despite considerable technologic advancements, endoscopy retains three principal elements to accomplish its objective. The first comprises a flexible or rigid viewing tube endoscope to transmit light into the body cavity and convey back images for the surgeon to observe. The second consists of an array of ancillary surgical instruments to enable the operator to perform minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic tasks. The third is an anchored access system that leads instruments in and out of body compartments without loss of distention or orientation. These conduits (ports) are either surgically created temporary invariant entry points (thoracoscopy, laparoscopy, culdoscopy), through natural orifices, without requiring entry wounds (bronchoscopy, colonoscopy, hysteroscopy) or through contemporary hybrid conduits (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery [NOTES]).
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Ternamian, A. (2012). Laparoscopic Abdominal Entry by the Ternamian Threaded Visual System. In: Tinelli, A. (eds) Laparoscopic Entry. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-980-2_3
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