Abstract
Primary medical record databases are data repositories constructed for direct health care delivery to process clinical information, to carry out the special functions for which the data have been collected, integrated, and stored by health-care providers for the direct care of their patients. Medical record data are collected in a variety of medical sites and for a variety of purposes, including helping physicians in making decisions for the diagnosis and treatment of patients, helping nurses in their patient care functions, and helping technical personnel in their clinical support services. The great utility of medical databases resides in their capacity for storing huge volumes of data, and for their ability to help users to search, retrieve, and analyze information on individual patients relevant to their clinical needs. Michalski et al. (1982) added that medical databases were also constructed, in addition to keeping track of clinical data, to be used to study and learn more about the phenomena that produced the data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ammenwerth E, Schnell-Inderst P, Machan C, Siebert U. The effect of electronic prescribing on medication errors and adverse drug events: a systemic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008;15:585–600.
Anderson JG, Jay SJ, Anderson M, Hunt TJ. Evaluating the potential effectiveness of using computerized information systems to prevent adverse drug events. Proc AMIA Symp. 1997:228–2 (#4)
Barnett GO. Massachusetts general hospital computer system. In: Collen MF, editor. Hospital computer systems. New York: Wiley; 1974. p. 517–45.
Barnett GO. Computer-stored Ambulatory Record (COSTAR). NCHSR Research Digest Series. DHEW Pub. No.(HRA) 1976;76–3145.
Barnett GO. The application of computer-based medical record systems in ambulatory practice. In: Orthner HF, Blum BI, editors. Implementing health care information systems. New York: Springer; 1989. p. 85–99.
Barnett GO. History of the development of medical information systems at the laboratory of computer science at Massachusetts general hospital. In: Blum BI, Duncan K, editors. A history of medical informatics. New York: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1990. p. 141–53.
Barnett GO, Castleman PA. A time-sharing computer for patient care activities. Comput Biomed Res. 1967;1:41–50.
Barnett GO, Hoffman PB. Computer technology and patient care: experiences of a hospital research effort. Inquiry. 1968;5:51–7.
Barnett GO, Justice NS, Somand ME, et al. COSTAR – a computer-based medical information system for ambulatory care. Proc SCAMC. 1978: 486–7.
Barrett JP, Hersch PL, Caswell RJ. Evaluation of the impact of the Technicon Medical System Information at El Camino Hospital. Part II. Economic trend analysis, NCHSR&D, vol. NTIS No. PB 300 869. Columbus: Battelle Columbus Labs; 1979.
Barnett GO, Souder D, Beaman P, Hupp J. MUMPS – an evolutionary commentary. Comput Biomed Res. 1981;14:112–8.
Bates DW, Leape LL, Petrycki S. Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1993;8:289–94.
Bates DW, O’Neil AC, Boyle D, et al. Potential identifiability and preventability of adverse events using information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1994;1:404–11.
Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events. JAMA. 1995;274:29–34.
Bates DW, Leape LL, Cullen DJ, et al. Effect of computerized physician order entry and a team intervention on prevention of serious medication errors. JAMA. 1998;280:1311–6.
Bates DW, Teich JM, Lee J, et al. The impact of computerized physician order entry on medication error prevention. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1999;6:313–21.
Beggs S, Vallbona C, Spencer WA, et al. Evaluation of a system for on-line computer scheduling of patient care activities. Comput Biomed Res. 1971;4:634–54.
Berndt DJ, Hevner AR, Studnicki J. CATCH/IT: a data warehouse to support comprcommunity health. Proc AMIA Symp. 1998:250–4.
Bickel RG. The TRIMIS concept. Proc SCAMC. 1979:839–2.
Bleich HL. Computer evaluation of acid-base disorders. J Clin Invest. 1969;48:1689–96.
Bleich HL, Beckley RF, Horowitz GL, et al. Clinical computing in a teaching hospital. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:756–64.
Blois MS. The physician’s personal workstation. MD Comput. 1985;5:22–6.
Blose WF, Vallbona C, Spencer WA. System for processing clinical research data. II. System design. Proc 6th IBM Symp. Poughkeepsie, New York: IBM, 1964;463–85.
Blum BI. Programming languages. In: Blum BI, editor. Clinical information syatems. New York: Springer; 1986. p. 112–49.
Blum BI, Lenhard RE. Design of an oncology clinical information system. Proc Annual Conf, ACM. 1977:101–7.
Blum BI, Lenhard RE, McColligan EE. An integrated model for patient care. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1985;32:277–88.
Bouchard VE, Bell JE, Freedy HR, et al. A computerized system for screening drug interactions and interferences. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1973;29:564–9.
Brannigan VN. Remote telephone access: the critical issue in patient privacy. Proc SCAMC. 1984:575–8.
Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:370–6.
Brown S, Black K, Mrochek S, et al. RADARx: Recognizing, assessing, and documenting adverse Rx events. Proc AMIA Symp. 2000:101–5.
BSL – Berkeley Scientific Laboratories. A Study of Automated Clinical Laboratory Systems. National Center for Health Services Research and Development, DHEW Pub No. (HSM) 72–3004; (Aug), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.
Buchanan NS. Evolution of a hospital information system. Proc SCAMC. 1980:34–6.
Campbell CM. Information system for a short-term hospital. Hospitals. 1964;38:71–85.
Caranasos GJ, May FE, Stewart RB, Cluff LE. Drug-associated deaths of medical inpatients. Arch Intern Med. 1976;136:872–5.
Cecil JS, Griffin E. The role of legal policies in data sharing. In: Fienberg SF, Martin ME, Straf ML, editors. Sharing research data. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press; 1985. p. 148–98.
Christianson LG. Toward an automated hospital information system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1969;161:694–706.
Chute CG, Crowson DL, Buntrock JD. Medical information retrieval and WWW browsers at Mayo. Proc SCAMC. 1995:905–7.
Chute CG, Elkin PL, Sheretz DD, Tuttle MS. Desiderata for a clinical terminology server. Proc AMIA. 1999:42–6.
Classen DC, Pestotnik SL, Evans RS, Burke JP. Computerized surveillance of adverse drug events in hospital patients. JAMA. 1991;266:2847–51.
Classen DC, Pestonik SL, Evans RC, et al. Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. JAMA. 1997;277:301–6.
Cluff LE, Thornton GF, Seidl LG. Studies on the epidemiology of adverse drug reactions. I. Methods of surveillance. JAMA. 1964;188:976–83.
Cohen SN, Armstrong MF, Crouse L, Hunn GS. A computer-based system for prospective detection and prevention of drug interactions. Drug Inform J. 1972 (Jan/June). p. 81–6.
Cohen SN, Armstrong MF, Briggs RL, et al. Computer-based monitoring and reporting of drug interactions. Proc MEDINFO. 1974:889–94.
Cohen SN, Kondo L, Mangini RJ, et al. MINERVA: A computer-based system for monitoring drug therapy. NCHSR Research Summary Series. DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 87–3376, NCHSR & Health Care Tech Assessment, Dec. 1987.
Collen MF. Multiphasic screening as a diagnostic method in preventive medicine. Methods Inf Med. 1965;4:71–4.
Collen MF. Periodic health examinations using an automated multi-test laboratory. JAMA. 1966;195:830–3.
Collen MF. General requirements of a medical information system (MIS). Comput Biomed Res. 1970;3:393–406.
Collen MF. Data processing techniques for multitest screening and hospital facilities. In: Bekey GA, Schwartz MD, editors. Hospital information systems. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1972. p. 149–87.
Collen MF. Automated multiphasic health testing. In: Collen MF, editor. Hospital computer systems. New York: Wiley; 1974. p. 274–94.
Collen MF. The Permanente Medical Group and the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute. In: McLean ER, Soden JV, editors. Strategic planning for MIS. New York: Wiley; 1977. p. 257–71.
Collen MF, editor. Multiphasic health testing systems. New York: Wiley; 1978.
Collen MF. Clinical research databases – a historical review. J Med Syst. 1990;14:323–44.
Coltri A et al. Databases in health care. In: Lehman HP, Abbott PA, Roderer NK, editors. Aspects of electronic health record systems. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2006. p. 225–51.
Connelly DP. Embedding expert systems in laboratory information systems. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990;94 Suppl 1:S7–14.
Cope CB. A centralized nation-wide patient data system. In: Acheson ED, editor. Record linkage in medicine. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone; 1968. p. 34–8.
Davis LS. Prototype for future computer medical records. Comput Biomed Res. 1970;3:539–54.
Davis LS. A system approach to medical information. Methods Inf Med. 1973;12:1–6.
Davis L, Terdiman J. The medical data base. In: Collen MF, editor. Hospital computer systems. New York: Wiley; 1974. p. 52–79.
Davis LS, Collen MF, Rubin L, Van Brunt EE. Computer-stored medical record. Comput Biomed Res. 1968;1:452–69.
Del Fiol G, Rocha B, Kuperman GJ, Bates DW, et al. Comparison of two knowledge bases on the detection of drug-drug interactions. Proc AMIA Symp. 2000:171–5 (#4)
Dick RS, Steen EB. Essential technologies for computer-based patient records: a summary. In: Ball MJ, Collen MF, editors. Aspects of the computer-based patient record. New York: Springer; 1992. p. 229–61.
Dolin RH. Interfacing a commercial drug-interaction program with an automatic medical record. MD Comput. 1992;9:115–8.
Duke JR, Bowers GH, et al. Scope and sites of electronic health record systems. In: Lehman HP, Abbott PA, Roderer NK, editors. Aspects of electronic health record systems. New York: Springer; 2006. p. 89–114.
Dyson E. Reflections on privacy 2.0. Sci Am. 2008;301:50–5.
Emmel GR, Greenhalgh RC. Hospital information system study (part I). Proc 4th IBM Med Symp. Endicott: IBM; 1962:443–58.
Esterhay RJ, Foy JL, Lewis TL, et al. Hospital information systems: approaches to screen definition: comparative anatomy of the PROMIS, NIH, and Duke systems. Proc SCAMC. 1982:903–11.
Evans RS, Pestotnik SL, Classen DS, et al. Development of a computerized adverse drug event monitor. Proc AMIA Symp. 1992:23–7.
Evans RS, Pestotnik SL, Classen DC, et al. Preventing adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. Ann Pharmacother. 1994;28:523–7.
Fassett WE. Drug related informatics standards. Proc AAMSI. 1989:358–62.
Fetter RR, Mills RE. A micro computer based medical information system. In Begon F, Anderson J, Saito M, et al (eds). Proc 2nd Annual WAMI Meeting, France: 1979:388–91.
Friedman GD. Computer data bases in epidemiological research. Proc AAMSI Symp. 1984:389–92.
Friedman GD. Kaiser permanente medical care program: Northern California and other regions. In: Strom BL, editor. Pharmacoepidemiology. 4th ed. New York: Wiley; 1994. p. 187–97.
Friedman C, Hripcsak G, Johnson SB, et al. A generalized relational schema for an integrated clinical patient database. Proc SCAMC. 1990:335–9.
Friedman GD, Habel LA, Boles M, McFarland BH. Kaiser permanente medical care program: Division of Research, Northern California, and Center for Health Research, Northwest Division. In: Strom BL, editor. Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2000. p. 263–83.
Gall J. Cost-benefit analysis: total hospital information systems. In: Koza RC, editor. Health information system evaluation. Boulder: Colorado Association University Press; 1974. p. 299–327.
Gall JE. Computerized hospital information system cost-effectiveness: a case study. In: Van Egmond J, de Vries Robbe PF, Levy AH, editors. Information systems for patient care. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1976. p. 281–93.
Gardner RM, Pryor TA, Warner HR. The HELP hospital information system: update 1998. Int J Med Inform. 1999;54:169–82.
Garten S, Mengel CE, Stewart WB, Lindberg DA. A computer-based drug information system. Mo Med. 1974;71:183–6.
Garten S, Falkner RV, Mengel CE, Lindberg DA. A computer based drug information system. Med Electronics Digest. 1977;2:4–5.
Giebink GA, Hurst LL. Computer projects in health care. Ann Arbor: Health Administration Press; 1975.
Gordis L, Gold E. Privacy, confidentiality, and the use of medical records in research. Science. 1980;207:153–6.
Gotcher SB, Carrick J, Vallbona C, et al. Daily treatment planning with on-line shared computer system. Methods Inf Med. 1969;8:200–5.
Graetz I, Reed M, Rundall T, et al. Care coordination and electronic health records: connecting clinicians. Proc AMIA. 2009:208–12.
Grams RR. Medical information systems: the laboratory module. Clifton: Humana Press; 1979.
Grams R. The “new” America electronic medical record (EMR) – Design criteria and challenge. J Med Syst. 2009;33:409–11.
Grams RR, Zhang D, Yue B. A primary care application of an integrated computer-based pharmacy system. J Med Syst. 1996;20:413–22.
Greenes RA, Papillardo AN, Marble CW, Barnett GO. Design and implementation of a clinical data management system. Comput Biomed Res. 1969;2:469–85.
Greenes RA, Collen M, Shannon RH. Functional requirements as an integral part of the design and development process: summary and recommendations. Int J Biomed Comput. 1994;34:59–76.
Greenlaw CW, Zellers DD. Computerized drug-drug interaction screening system. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1978;35:567–70.
Grossman JH, Barnett GO, Koepsell TD, et al. An automated medical record system for a prepaid group practice. JAMA. 1973;224:1616–21.
Groves WE, Gajewski WH. Use of a clinical laboratory computer to warn of possible drug interference with test results. Proc SCAMC. 1978:426–34.
Hammond WE, Brantley BA, Feagin SJ, et al. GEMISCH: A minicomputer information support system. Proc IEEE. 1973:61:1575–83.
Hammond WE, Stead WW, Feagin SJ, et al. Data base management system for ambulatory care. Proc SCAMC. 1977:173–87.
Hammond WE, Stead WW, Straube MJ, Jelovsek FR. A clinical data management system. Interntl J Policy & Information. 1980;4:79–86.
Hammond WE, Stead WW, Straube MJ. Planned networking for medical information systems. Proc SCAMC. 1985:727–31.
Hammond WE, Straube MJ, Stead WW. The synchronization of distributed databases. Proc SCAMC. 1990:345–49.
Haug PJ, Gardner RM, Tate KE, et al. Decision support in medicine: examples from the HELP system. Comput Biomed Res. 1994;27:396–418.
Healy JC, Spackman KA, Beck JR. Small expert systems in clinical pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1989;113:981–3.
Hodge MH. Medical information systems: a resource for hospitals. Germantown: Aspen Systems Corp; 1977.
Hripcsak G, Clayton PD, Jenders RA, et al. Design of a clinical event monitor. Comput Biomed Res. 1996;29:194–221.
Hulse RK, Clark SJ, Jackson JC, et al. Computerized medication monitoring system. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1976;33:1061–4.
Jelliffe RW, Schumitsky A, Rodman J, Crone J. A package of time-shared computer programs for patient care. Proc SCAMC. 1977:154–62.
Jha AK, Kuperman GJ, Teich JM. Identifying adverse drug events. JAMIA. 1998;5:305–14.
Jick H. Drug surveillance program. Med Sci. 1967 (Jul) 41–6.
Jick H. The discovery of drug-induced illness. New Eng J Med. 1977;296:481–5.
Jick H, Miettinen OS, Shapiro S, et al. Comprehensive drug surveillance. JAMA. 1970;213: 1455–60.
Jick H et al. In-hospital monitoring of drug effects – past accomplishments and future needs. In: Ducrot H, Goldberg M, Hoigne R, editors. Computer aid to drug therapy and to drug monitoring. New York: North-Holland Pub Co; 1978. p. 3–7.
Johns RJ, Blum BI. The use of clinical informations to control cost as well as to improve care. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1978;90:140–52.
Juenemann HJ. The design of a data processing center for biological data. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964;115:547–52.
Karch FE, Lasagna L. Adverse drug reactions: a critical review. JAMA. 1976;234:1236–41.
Klee GG, Ackerman E, Elveback LR, et al. Investigation of statistical decision rules for sequential hematologic laboratory tests. Am J Clin Pathol. 1978;69:375–82.
Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MD. To err is human: building a safer health system. A report of the Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine National Academy Press; 2000.
Kuperman GJ, Gardner RM, Pryor TA. The Pharmacy application of the HELP system. In: Help: a Dynamic Hospital Information System, New York, Springer-Verlag; 1991. p. 168–72.
Kuperman GJ, Bates DW, Teich JM, et al. A new knowledge structure for drug-drug interactions. Proc AMIA Symp. 1994:836–40.
Kuperman GJ, Teich JM, Tanasjevic MJ, et al. Improving response to critical laboratory results with automation. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1999;6:512–22.
Kurland LT, Molgaard CA. The patient record in epidemiology. Sci Am. 1981;245:54–63.
Lamson BG. Mini-computers and large central processors from a medical record management point of view. Proc MEDIS ’75 Tokyo: International Symposium on Medical Information Systems. 1975:58–65.
Lamson BG, Russell WS, Fullmore J, Nix WE. The first decade of effort: progress towards a hospital information system at the UCLA Hospital, Los Angeles, California. Methods Inf Med. 1970;9:73–80.
Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA. 1998;279:1200–5.
Leape LL, Bates DW, Cullen DJ, et al. Systems analysis of adverse drug events. JAMA. 1995;274:35–43.
Lesar TS, Briceland LL, Delcoure K, et al. Medication errors in a teaching hospital. JAMA. 1990;263:2329–34.
Levy AH, Lawrance DP. Information retrieval. In: Ball MJ, Collen MF, editors. Aspects of the computer-based patient record. New York: Springer; 1992. p. 146–52.
Lincoln TL, Korpman RA. Computers, health care, and medical information science. Science. 1980;210:257–63.
Lindberg DAB. A computer in medicine. Mo Med. 1964;61:282–4.
Lindberg DAB. Operation of a hospital computer system. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1965a;147: 1541–4.
Lindberg DAB. Electronic retrieval of clinical data. J Med Educ. 1965b;40:753–9.
Lindberg DAB. Collection, evaluation, and transmission of hospital laboratory data. Methods Inf Med. 1967;6:97–107.
Lindberg DAB. The computer and medical care. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas; 1968.
Lindberg DA. University of missouri-columbia. In: Lindberg DAB, editor. The growth of medical information systems in the united states. Lexington: Lexington Books; 1979.
Lindberg DA. The impact of automated information systems applied to health problems. In: Holland W, Detels R, Knox G. Oxford text of public health. Vol. 3. Investigative Methods in Public Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1985. p. 55–76.
Lindberg DAB, Reese GR, Buck C. Computer generated hospital diagnosis file. Mo Med. 1964;61:851–2.
Lindberg DAB, Van Pelnan HJ, Couch RD. Patterns in clinical chemistry. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965;44:315–21.
Lindberg DAB, Rowland LR, Buch WF, et al. CONSIDER: A computer program for medical instruction. Proc 9th IBM Med Symp. Yorktown Heights: 1968:59–61.
Lindberg DAB, Takasugi S, DeLand E.C. Analysis of blood chemical components distribution based on thermodynamic principle. Proc MEDIS ’78. Osaka, Japan: 1978:109–12.
Lindberg DAB, Gaston LW, Kingsland LC, et al. A knowledge-based system for consultation about blood coagulation studies. In: Gabriele TG (ed). The Human Side of Computers in Medicine. Proc Soc for Computer Med. 10th Annual Conf. San Diego: 1980:5.
MacKinnon G, Waller W. Using databases. Healthc Inform. 1993;10:34–40.
Maronde RF, Lee PV, McCarron MM, Seibert S. A study of prescribing patterns. Med Care. 1971;9:383–95.
Maronde RF, Rho J, Rucker TD. Monitoring for drug reactions including mutations, in outpatients. In: Ducrot H, Goldberg M, Hoigne R, Middleton P. (eds). Computer aid to drug therapy and to drug monitoring. Proc IFIP Working Conference. New York: North-Holland Pub Co; 1978:63–8.
McColligan E, Blum B, Brunn C. An automated medical record system for ambulatory care. In: Kaplan B, Jelovsek FR (eds). Proc SCM/SAMS Joint Conf on Ambulatory Med. 1981:72–6.
McDonald CJ. Introduction. In: Action-oriented decisions in ambulatory medicine. New York: Year Book Publishers; 1981. p. 1–14.
McDonald CJ. Standards for the transmission of diagnostic results from laboratory computers to office practice computers – An initiative. Proc SCAMC. 1983:123–24.
McDonald CJ, Hammond WE. Standard formats for electronic transfer of clinical data. Editorial. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:333–5.
McDonald CJ, Wilson G, Blevins L, et al. The Regenstrief medical record system. Proc SCAMC. 1977a:168–69.
McDonald CJ, Murray M, Jeris D, et al. A computer-based record and clinical monitoring system for ambulatory care. Am J Public Health. 1977b;67:240–5.
McDonald CJ, Blevens L, Glazener T, et al. Data base management, feedback conrol and the Regenstrief medical record. Proc SCAMC. 1982:52–60.
McDonald C, Wiederhold G, Simborg DW, et al. A discussion of the draft proposal for data exchange standards. Proc IEEE. 1984:406–13.
McDonald CJ, Hui SL, Smith DM, et al. Reminders to physicians from an introspective computer medical record. Ann Intern Med. 1984b;100:130–8.
McDonald CJ, Blevins L, Tierney WM, Martin DK. The Regenstrief medical records. MD Comput. 1988;5:34–47.
McDonald CJ, Overhage JM, Tierney WM, et al. The Regenstrief Medical Record Experience: a quarter century experience. Int J Med Inform. 1999;54:225–53.
McHugh M. Functional specifications for an automated nursing record. In: Ball MJ, Collen MF, editors. Aspects of the computer-based patient record. New York: Springer; 1992. p. 16–29.
McMullin ST, Reichley RM, Kahn MG, et al. Automated system for identifying potential dosage problems at a large university hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997;54:545–9.
McMullin ST, Reichley RM, Watson LA, et al. Impact of a Web-based clinical information system on cisapride drug interactions and patient safety. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:2077–82.
Melmon KM. Preventable drug reactions – causes and cures. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:1361–8.
Mestrovich MJ. Defense medical systems support support center fact book. Falls Church: DMSSC; 1988.
Meystre SM, Haug PJ. Comparing natural language processing tools to extract medical problems from narrative text. Proc AMIA Annu Symp. 2005:525–9.
Meystre S, Haug PJ. Medical problem and document model for natural language understanding. Proc AMIA Ann Symp. 2003:455–59.
Michalski RS, Baskin AB, Spackman KA. A logic-based approach to conceptual database analysis. Proc SCAMC. 1982:792–6.
Miller RR. Drug surveillance utilizing epidemiologic methods: a report from the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1973;30:584–92.
Miller JE, Reichley RM, McNamee LA, et al. Notification of real-time clinical alerts generated by pharmacy expert systems. Proc AMIA Symp. 1999:325–9.
Monane M, Matthias DM, Nagle BE, Kelly MA. Improving prescribing patterns for the elderly through an online drug utilization review intervention. JAMA. 1998;280:1249–52.
Monmouth medical shapes a total system. Systems. 1966(Sep):12–48.
Moorman PW, Schuemie MJ, van der Lei J. An inventory of publications on electronic medical records revisited. Methods Inf Med. 2009;48:454–8.
Morrell J, Podlone M, Cohen SN. Receptivity of physicians in a teaching hospital to a computerized drug interaction monitoring and reporting system. Med Care. 1977;15:68–78.
Morrison FP, Sengupta S, Hripsak G. Using a pipeline to improve de-identification performance. Proc AMIA. 2009:447–51.
Myers RS, Slee VN. Medical statistics tell the story at a glance. Mod Hosp. 1959;93:72–5.
Niland JC, Rouse L, et al. Clinical research needs. In: Lehman HP, Abbott PA, Roderer NK, editors. Aspects of electronic health record systems. New York: Springer; 2006. p. 31–46.
Palacio C, Harrison JP, Garets D. Benchmarking electronic medical records initiatives in the US: a conceptual model. J Med Syst. 2010;34:273–9.
Payne TH, Savarino J, Marshall R, et al. Use of a clinical event monitor to prevent and detect medication errors. Proc AMIA Symp. 2000:640–4.
Porter J, Jick H. Drug-related deaths among medical inpatients. JAMA. 1977;237:879–81.
Pratt AW. Progress towards a medical information system for the research environment. In: Fuchs G, Wagner G, editors. Sonderdruck aus Krankenhaus-Informationsysteme. New York: Schattauer-Verlag; 1972. p. 319–36.
Pryor DB, Stead WW, Hammond WE, et al. Features of TMR for a successful clinical and research database. Proc SCAMC. 1982:79–84.
Pryor TA, Gardner RM, Clayton PD, Warner HR. The HELP system. J Med Syst. 1983;7:87–102.
Pryor DB, Califf RM, Harrell FE, et al. Clinical data bases: accomplishments and unrealized potential. Med Care. 1985;23:623–47.
Raschke RA, Gollihare B, Wunderlich TA, et al. A computer alert system to prevent injury from adverse drug events. JAMA. 1998;280:1317–20.
Rind DM, Davis R, Safran C. Designing studies of computer-based alerts and reminders. MD Comput. 1995;12:122–6.
Runck HM. Computer planning for hospitals: the large scale education and involvement of employees. Comput Automation. 1969(Jun):33–5.
Ruskin A. Storage and retrieval of adverse reaction data (and the international monitoring program). Proc 8th IBM Med Symp. Poughkeepsie: 1967:67–68.
Safran C, Porter D. New uses of the large clinical data base at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston: On-line searching by clinicians. Proc SCAMC. 1986:114–9.
Salwen M, Wallach J. Interpretive analysis of hematologic data using a combination of decision making techniques. Proc MEDCOMP 82. Los Angeles: IEEE; 1982:428–9.
Schenthal JE, Sweeney JW, Nettleton W. Clinical applications in large scale electronic data processing apparatus. I. New concepts in clinical use of electronic digital computers. J Am Med Assoc. 1960;173:6–11.
Schenthal JE, Sweeney JW, Nettleton W. Clinical applications in large scale electronic data processing apparatus. II. New methodology in clinical record storage. JAMA. 1961;178:267–70.
Schiff GD, Bates DW. Can electronic clinical documentation help prevent diagnostic errors. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1066–9.
Schultz JR, Davis L. The technology of PROMIS. Proc IEEE. 1979;67:1237–44.
Selby JV. Linking automated databases for research in managed care settings. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:719–24.
Shapiro S, Slone D, Lewis GP, Jick H. Fatal drug reactions among medical inpatients. JAMA. 1971;216:467–72.
Shatin D, Drinkard C, Stergachis A. United Health Group. In: Strom BL, editor. Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2000. p. 295–305.
Shieman BM. Medical information system – El Camino Hospital. IMS Ind Med Surg. 1971;40:25–6.
Shortliffe EH, Tang PC, Amatayakul MK, et al. Future vision and dissemination of computer-based patient records. In: Ball MF, Collen MF, editors. Aspects of the computer-based patient record. New York: Springer; 1992. p. 273–93.
Siegel SJ. Developing an information system for a hospital. Public Health Rep. 1968;83:359–62.
Slack W. The soul of a new system. Mass Med. 1987 (Nov-Dec):245–28.
Slack WV, Bleich HL. The CCC system in two teaching hospitals: a progress report. Int J Med Inform. 1999;54:183–96.
Sloane D, Jick H, Borda I, et al. Drug surveillance using nurse monitors. Lancet. 1966;2:901–3.
Smith JW. A hospital adverse drug reaction reporting program. Hospitals. 1966;40:90–6.
Smith JW, Seidl LG, Cluff LE. Studies on the epidemiology of adverse drug reactions: V. Clinical factors influencing susceptibility. Ann Intern Med. 1966;65:629–40.
Smith JW, Speicher CE, Chandrasekaran B. Expert systems as aids for interpretive reporting. J Med Syst. 1984;8:373–88.
Sneider RM. Using a medical information system to improve the quality of care. Proc SCAMC. 1978:594–7.
Speedie SM, Palumbo FB, Knapp DA, Beardsley R. Evaluating physician decision making: a rule-based system for drug prescribing review. Proc MEDCOMP. 1982:404–8.
Speedie SM, Skarupa S, Blaschke TF, et al. An expert system that monitors for adverse drug reactions and suboptimal therapy. Proc AAMSI Symp. 1987:149–53.
Speicher CE, Smith JW. Interpretive reporting in clinical pathology. JAMA. 1980;243:1556–60.
Speicher CE, Smith JW. Communication between laboratory and clinician: test requests and interpretive reports. In: Choosing effective laboratory tests. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1983.p. 93–108.
Spring T. Good-bye to privacy? PCWorld. 2010;28:10–2.
Stead WW. Using computers to care for patients with renal disorders. MD Comput. 1984;1:42–50.
Stead WW. A quarter-century of computer-based medical records. MD Comput. 1989;6:74–81.
Stead WW, Hammond WE. Computer-based medical records: the centerpiece of TMR. MD Comput. 1988;5:48–62.
Stead WW, Wiederhold G, Gardner R, et al. Database systems for computer-based patient records. In: Ball MJ, Collen MF, editors. Aspects of the computer-based patient record. New York: Springer; 1992.
Strom BL, editor. Pharmacoepidemiology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2000.
Tagasuki S. Lindberg DAB, Goldman D, DeLand LC. Information content of clinical blood chemistry data. Proc MEDINFO 1980:432–5.
Teich JM, Glaser JP, Beckley RF, et al. The Brigham integrated computing system (BICS). Int J Med Inform. 1999;54:197–208.
Terdiman J, Sandberg A, Tuttle R, Yanov J. Microcomputer-based distributed data processing systems for medical applications. Proc MEDIS ’78. Osaka: 1978:508–11.
Tierney WM, McDonald CJ. Practice databases and their uses in clinical research. Stat Med. 1991;10:541–57.
Timson G. The file manager system. Proc SCAMC. 1980:1645–9.
Tolchin SG, Barta W. Local network and distributed processing issues in the Johns Hopkins Hospital. J Med Syst. 1986;10:339–53.
Vallbona C, Spencer WA. Texas institute for research and Rehabilitation Hospital Computer System (Houston). In: Collen MF, editor. Hospital computer systems. New York: Wiley; 1974. p. 622–700.
Vallbona C, Spencer WA, Moffet CL, et al. The patient centered information system of the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research. Proc SAMS. 1973:232–60.
Visconti JA, Smith MC. The role of hospital personnel in reporting adverse drug reactions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1967;24:273–5.
Walker AM, Cody RJ, Greenblatt DJ, Jick H. Drug toxicity in patients receiving digoxin and quinidine. Am Heart J. 1983;105:1025–8.
Warner HR. A computer based information system for patient care. In: Bekey GA, Schwartz MD, editors. Hospital information systems. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1972. p. 293–332.
Warner HR. History of medical informatics at Utah. In: Blum BI, Duncan K, editors. A history of medical informatics. New York: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1990. p. 357–66.
Warner HR. Patient Data File. In: Computer-assisted medical decision-making. New York: Academic Press; 1979. p. 102–23.
Warner HR, Morgan JD, Pryor TA, et al. HELP – A self-improving system for medical decision making. Proc MEDINFO. 1974:989–93.
Watson RJ. A large-scale professionally oriented medical information system – five years later. J Med Syst. 1977;1:3–21.
Weed LL. Medical records, medical education, and patient care: the problem-oriented record as a basis tool. Chicago: Year Book Pub; 1969.
Weed LL, Hertz RY. The use and construction of knowledge couplers, the knowledge coupler editor, knowledge networks, and the problem-oriented medical record for the microcomputer. Proc SCAMC. 1983:831–6.
Wheeler PS, Simborg DW, Gitlin JN. The Johns Hopkins radiology reporting system. Radiology. 1976;119:315–9.
Wiederhold G. Summary of the findings of the visiting study team automated medical record systems for ambulatory care: visit to Duke University Medical Center. CDD-5, HRA Contract, June 29, 1975.
Wynden R. Providing a high security environment for the integrated data repository. Proc AMIA STB. 2010:123.
Wynden R, Weiner MG, Sim I, et al. Ontology mapping and data discovery for the translational investigator. Proc AMIA STB. 2010:66–70.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Collen, M.F. (2012). Primary Medical Record Databases. In: Computer Medical Databases. Health Informatics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-962-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-962-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-961-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-962-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)