Abstract
The major role of the circulatory system is to supply vital organs and all the tissue beds with oxygen and nutrients. The uninterrupted flow of oxygen and nutrients is necessary to sustain viability and guarantee normal function of the many specialized tissues. Since energy is needed for any function in the human body and it can be provided only by nutrients and oxygen, it is only logical that through the billions of years of evolution all the tissues have developed regulatory mechanisms that couple their function and energy consumption with the circulatory system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
SUGGESTED READINGS
Aaslid R, Lindegaard KF, Sorteberg W, Nornes H. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans. Stroke. 1989;20:45–52.
Belardinelli L, Linden J, Berne RM. The cardiac effects of adenosine. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1989;32:73–97.
Cheng HF, Harris RC. Cyclooxygenases, the kidney, and hypertension. Hypertension. 2004;43:525–30.
Chilian WM. Coronary microcirculation in health and disease. Summary of an NHLBI workshop. Circulation. 1997;95:522–8.
Cowley Jr AW, Mori T, Mattson D, Zou A-P. Role of renal NO production in the regulation of medullary blood flow. Am J Physiol. 2003;284:R1355–69.
Dickhout JG, Mori T, Cowley Jr AW. Tubulovascular nitric oxide crosstalk: buffering of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. Circ Res. 2002;91:487–93.
Duffy SJ, Castle SF, Harper RW, Meredith IT. Contribution of vasodilator prostanoids and nitric oxide to resting flow, metabolic vasodilation, and flow-mediated dilation in human coronary circulation. Circulation. 1999;100:1951–7.
Faraci FM, Brian JE. Nitric oxide and the cerebral circulation. Stroke. 1994;25:692–703.
Faraci FM, Heistad DD. Regulation of the cerebral circulation: role of endothelium and potassium channels. Physiol Rev. 1998;78:53–97.
Frank M, Faraci F, Heistad DD. Regulation of the cerebral circulation: role of endothelium and potassium channels. Physiol Rev. 1998;78:53–97.
Girouard H, Iadecola C. Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:328–35.
Gould KL. Coronary arterty stenosis. New York: Elsevier; 1991. p. 8.
Hinshaw LB. Sepsis/septic shock: participation of the microcirculation: an abbreviated review. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:1072.
Hong MF, Dorian P. Update on advanced life support and resuscitation techniques. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2005;20:1–6.
Humbert M, Morrell NW, Archer SL, Stenmark KR, MacLean MR, Lang IM, et al. Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(12 Supple S):13S–24. Review.
Iadecola C. Neurovascular regulation in the normal brain and in Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5:347–60.
John M. Johnson, Duane W. Proppe. Cardiovascular Adjustments to Heat Stress. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 14: Handbook of Physiology, Environmental Physiology: 215–243. First published in print 1996. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp040111.
Kazmaier S, Weyland A, Buhre W, et al. Effects of respiratory alkalosis and acidosis on myocardial blood flow and metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology. 1998;89:831–7.
Kellogg Jr DL. In vivo mechanisms of cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans during thermoregulatory challenges. J Appl Physiol. 2005;100:1709–18.
Michelakis ED, Thebaud B, Weir KE, Archer SL. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: redox regulation of O2-sensitive K+ channels by a mitochondrial O2-sensor in resistance artery smooth muscle cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004;37(6):1119–36.
Morita K, Mori H, Tsujioka K, et al. Adrenergic vasoconstriction reduces systolic retrograde coronary blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 1997;273:H2746–55.
Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Deitch EA, Goris RJ. Infection, the gut and the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Eur J Surg. 1996;162:259–73.
Pallone TL, Robertson CR, Jamison RL. Renal medullary microcirculation. Physiol Rev. 1990;70:885–920.
Pallone TL, Zhang Z, Rhinehart K. Physiology of the renal medullary microcirculation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003;284:F253–66. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00304.2002.
Peters AP, Webster HD. The fine structure of the nervous system. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ (2007). “Chapter 11: Noradrenergic transmission”. Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology (6th ed.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. 169–170. ISBN 0–443-06911–5.
Stenmark KR, Mecham RP. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Annu Rev Physiol. 1997;59:89–144.
Voelkel NF, Tuder RM. Cellular and molecular of vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 1997;10:231–41.
Weir EK, Lopez-Barneo J, Buckler KJ, Archer SL. Acute oxygen-sensing mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2042–55.
Yada T, Richmond KN, Van Bibber R, et al. Role of adenosine in local metabolic coronary vasodilation. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:H1425–33.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yannopoulos, D., Nadkarni, V.M. (2012). Regional Circulations. In: Lucking, S., Maffei, F., Tamburro, R., Thomas, N. (eds) Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-923-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-923-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-922-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-923-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)