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Basic Control of Parabolic Troughs

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Book cover Control of Solar Energy Systems

Part of the book series: Advances in Industrial Control ((AIC))

Abstract

The chapter outlines the main features of the different modeling and basic control approaches used during the last 25 years to control the distributed collector systems (DCS). The DCS may be described by a distributed parameter model of the temperature. It is widely recognized that the performance of PI and PID type controllers will be inferior to model-based approaches. Even when the plant is linearized about some operation point and approximated by a finite-dimensional model, the frequency response contains resonance modes near the bandwidth that must be taken into consideration in the controller in order to achieve high performance. Thus, the “ideal” controller should be high-order and non-linear. The simplest control techniques are outlined in this chapter; others with high complexity are studied in the following one, looking for a trade-off between commissioning time and performance.

As the main example of the new generation of solar trough plants, the DISS project has demonstrated that it is possible to directly produce high-pressure high-temperature steam in parabolic trough solar collectors. A leading plant using this type of technology has been operated in two different modes. Using a scheme based on PI and feedforward controllers, the controllability of the plant is guaranteed on clear days and even during short transients in the solar radiation. Longer transients in solar radiation make it difficult to maintain the steam temperature in favor of guaranteeing a minimum flow in the field to avoid high-temperature gradients in the cross-sectional area of the pipes when the solar radiation level recovers. A structure partially based on classical controllers was chosen because the plant operators are familiar with this type of controller and are able to adapt the controller parameters in the face of situations affecting plant dynamics and controller performance, such as modifications in plant layout or system changes over time. The control structure developed has demonstrated the technical controllability of the system.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The frequency response corresponds to the system constituted by the feedforward studied in Sect. 4.4.1 in series with the plant.

  2. 2.

    If the feedforward analyzed in Sect. 4.4.1 is placed in series with the plant, the control signal will be the reference temperature to the feedforward controller.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

    Prof. Eduardo F. Camacho & Prof. Francisco R. Rubio

  2. Departamento de Lenguajes y Computación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain

    Manuel Berenguel

  3. Plataforma Solar de Almería, Centro Europeo de Ensayos de Energía Solar, CIEMAT, Tabernas, Spain

    Diego Martínez

Authors
  1. Prof. Eduardo F. Camacho
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  2. Manuel Berenguel
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  3. Prof. Francisco R. Rubio
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  4. Diego Martínez
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Correspondence to Eduardo F. Camacho .

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited

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Camacho, E.F., Berenguel, M., Rubio, F.R., Martínez, D. (2012). Basic Control of Parabolic Troughs. In: Control of Solar Energy Systems. Advances in Industrial Control. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-916-1_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-916-1_4

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