Abstract
In the previous chapters we identified very specific human factor reasons why medical procedures such as image guided surgery are difficult to learn and practice. They make unique perceptual, cognitive and psychomotor demands on the trainee and practitioner. The same research that has allowed us to identify these difficulties also provides us with potential solutions. One of the most important ways individuals learn is through “knowledge of results” of what they do and how their actions (or inaction) impacts where intended. The natural world provides human beings with ecologically valid information on their knowledge of results. However, this feedback information can be delivered at times when it is not contiguous to the behavior of the individual. In other words, an individual can do something which has negative consequences in the real world but they may not see the consequences of their behavior until much later. They fail to establish a relationship between their behavior and the negative results or outcomes and consequently, they almost certainly fail to modify their behavior.
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Gallagher, A.G., O’Sullivan, G.C., O’Sullivan, G.C. (2011). Validation of Metrics Coupled to Simulation Training. In: Fundamentals of Surgical Simulation. Improving Medical Outcome - Zero Tolerance. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-763-1_7
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