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Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

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Iron Phosphate Materials as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Since the first demonstration of the lithium intercalation properties in lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) the interest for the material as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries has progressively increased. LiFePO4 represents a valid candidate to build large size batteries for powering electric vehicles or for realizing dispersed electrical power sources. Not only are the precursors relatively inexpensive, but iron is also less toxic compared to other materials used in lithium-ion technology such as cobalt, nickel, or manganese. In addition, the operating voltage of the LiFePO4 electrode (about 3.4 V vs. Li) is ideal to maximize energy while minimizing side reactions due to electrolyte decomposition. However, these positive aspects are counteracted by the low electronic conductivity of the material, resulting in considerable ohmic drop within the electrode. In addition, it has been noted that LiFePO4 displays limited high-rate capability, with considerable loss in utilization with increased current, suggesting lithium-ion transport limitations. Several methods such as doping, grain size reduction, and carbon coating have been proposed to improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4. In this chapter the chemical-physical characteristics of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries are described and the main methods used to enhance the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 are reported.

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  1. Renewable Technical Unit, C.R. Casaccia, ENEA, via Anguillarese, 00123, Rome, Italy

    Pier Paolo Prosini

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  1. Pier Paolo Prosini
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Prosini, P.P. (2011). Electrode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries . In: Iron Phosphate Materials as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-745-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-745-7_1

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