Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Lymphedema pp 105–109Cite as

Early Diagnosis in Latent Phase

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Lymphedema is typically characterized by the time of onset (staging) and the severity of the symptoms (grading). Various staging schemes have been proposed, but increasingly most use a four-stage scale: stage 0, a latent or subclinical phase when swelling is not evident, although lymphatic insufficiency is presumed; stage I, accumulation of tissue fluid that generally resolves with elevation of the affected limb with minimal swelling (<20% increase); stage II, when elevation fails to reduce a moderate amount of swelling (20–40% increase) and pitting edema is present; and stage III, irreversible, severe (>40% increase) swelling is present and the tissue is fibrotic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema. Consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology. 2003;36:84-91.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bagheri S, Ohlin K, Olsson G, Broroson H. Tissue tonometry before and after liposuction of arm lymphedema following breast cancer. Lymphat Res Biol. 2005;3:66-80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Campisi C, Boccardo F. Lymphedema and microsurgery. Microsurgery. 2002;22:74-80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Stout Gergich NL, Pfalzer LA, McGarvey C, Springer B, Gerber LH, et al. Preoperative assessment enables the early detection and successful treatment of lymphedema. Cancer. 2008;112:2809-2819.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rockson SG. Lymphedema. Am J Med. 2001;110:288-295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Piller N, Keeley V, Ryan T, Hayes S, Ridner S. Early detection: a strategy to reduce risk and severity? J Lymphoedema. 2009;4(1):89-95.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ward LC. Is BIS ready for prime time as the gold standard measure? J Lymphoedema. 2009;4(2):52-56.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Czerniec SA, Ward LC, Refshauge KM, et al. Assessment of breast cancer related arm lymphedema – comparison of physical measurement methods and self-report. Cancer Invest. 2010;28:54-62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Oldham NM. Overview of bioelectrical impedance analyzers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;64:405S-412S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Man IOW, Markland KL, Morrissey MC. The validity and reliability of the Perometer in evaluating human knee volume. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2004;24:352-358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lette J. A simple and innovative device to measure arm volume at home for patients with lymphedema after breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5434-5440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Taylor R, Jayasinghe UW, Koelmeyer L, Ung O, Boyages J. Reliability and validity of arm volume measurements for assessment of lymphedema. Phys Ther. 2006;86:205-214.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Deltombe T, Jamart J, Recloux S, Legrand C, Vandenbroeck N, et al. Reliability and limits of agreement of circumferential, water displacement, and optoelectronic volumetry in the measurement of upper limb lymphedema. Lymphology. 2007;40:26-34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Box RC, Reul-Hirche HM, Bullock-Saxton JE, Furnival CM. Physiotherapy after breast cancer surgery: results of a randomised controlled study to minimise lymphoedema. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;75:51-64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hayes S, Cornish B, Newman B. Comparison of methods to diagnose lymphoedema among breast cancer survivors: 6-month follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;89:221-226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cornish BH, Chapman M, Hirst C, Mirolo B, Bunce IH, et al. Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance. Lymphology. 2001;34:2-11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ward LC, Kilbreath SL, Cornish BH. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for early detection of lymphoedema. In: Weissleder H, Schuchhardt C, eds. Lymphedema Diagnosis and Therapy. 4th ed. Essen: Viavital Verlag Gmbh Publ; 2008:502-517:chap 15.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ridner SH, Dietrich MS, Deng J, Bonner CM, Kidd N. Bioelectrical impedance for detecting upper limb lymphedema in non laboratory settings. Lymphat Res Biol. 2009;7:11-15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Statement of Conflict of Interest

L.C. Ward has consulted for ImpediMed Ltd. ImpediMed Ltd. had no involvement, financial or otherwise, in the conception and execution of this study or in the preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia

    Leigh C. Ward

Authors
  1. Leigh C. Ward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. George Washington University, Washington D.C, Washington, USA

    Byung-Boong Lee

  2. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA

    John Bergan

  3. Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA

    Stanley G. Rockson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ward, L.C. (2011). Early Diagnosis in Latent Phase. In: Lee, BB., Bergan, J., Rockson, S. (eds) Lymphedema. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-567-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-567-5_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-566-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-567-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation