Abstract
The arrival of standardization within a field is a sign of its maturity. An entertaining and educative account of the history of standardization can be found in the widely reproduced article by Nesmith1: it began with weights and measures, and spread into areas such as the gauge of railroad tracks and standardized dimensions of hardware units. In computing, the first (de facto) standard was possibly in the area of high-level programming languages (FORTRAN) in 1957, though it was adopted on non-IBM hardware only in the early sixties. The ASCII character-encoding scheme (=American Standard Code for Information Interchange) arrived in 1960.
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Nadkarni, P.M. (2011). Biomedical Metadata Standards. In: Metadata-driven Software Systems in Biomedicine. Health Informatics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-510-1_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-510-1_17
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