Analyzing Your Data

Abstract

This chapter is an introduction to data analysis for surgeon-scientists beginning their academic careers. It is not meant to provide an in-depth review of all possible biostatistical methodologies. Rather, it is designed to assist surgeons in becoming informed users of biostatistics. The chapter will cover study design and analysis hand-in-hand, as the outcome of any study is critically dependent on both factors. If a study is poorly designed, no amount of statistical analysis will compensate. Likewise, a well-designed study can produce irrelevant results if it is not properly analyzed. Consult with a statistician early and often throughout the course of any study to prevent critical errors in design and analysis. Formal training in basic biostatistics is also recommended, not so that you can perform your own data analysis, but so you can use your clinical knowledge to guide the statistician and interpret the results of the analyses.