Abstract
Chapter 2 presents the basic properties of meshed transmission grids, concentrating especially on the reliability. The concepts of N − 1 criterion, adequacy, and security are presented. Different substation schemes are addressed.
The dynamics of the power systems after faults are briefly described. The PSA approach, used in this book, is presented, and the motivation to use it for reliability analyses for transmission systems is given. The state of the art in the field of the reliability assessments of power systems is described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Maybe it is worth mentioning that often dependability is the general term describing reliability. IEC standard Dependability and quality of service uses dependability as a term of collective availability performance but points out that it is used only for general description in non-quantitative terms (IEC 60050-191).
References
Taylor CW (1994) Power system voltage stability. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-113708-4
Hortal J, Izquierdo JM (1996) Application of the integrated safety assessment methodology to the protection of electric systems. Reliab Eng and Syst Saf 52(3):315–326
Rasmussen NC (1975) Reactor safety study. An assessment of accident risks in U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. Rep numbers WASH-1400-MR (NUREG-75/014). http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/7134131-wKhXcG/. Accessed 21 April 2010
IEEE/CIGRE (2004) Definition and classification of power system stability. IEEE Trans Power Syst 19(3):1387–1401
Allan R, Billinton R (1992) Power system reliability and its assessment I. Background and generating capacity. Power Eng J 6(4):191–196
Billinton R, Allan RN (1988) Reliability assessment of large electric power systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-89838-266-1
CEER (2008) 4th Benchmarking report on quality of electricity supply. Ref: C08-EQS-24-04. http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME/EER_PUBLICATIONS/CEER_ERGEG_PAPERS/Electricity/2008. Accessed 13 May 2010
IEEE PES CAMS Task Force (2008) Initial review of methods for cascading failure analysis in electric power transmission systems. In: Task force on understanding, prediction, mitigation and restoration of cascading failures at IEEE Power Eng Soc Gen Meet, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, July 2008
Billinton R, Ringlee RJ, Wood AJ (1973) Power system reliability calculations. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-02098-X
Billinton R, Allan RN (1984) Power system reliability in perspective. Electron Power 30(3):231–236
Allan R, Billinton R (2000) Probabilistic assessment of power systems. Proc IEEE 88(2):140–162
Billinton R, Khan E (1992) A security based approach to composite power system reliability evaluation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 7(1):65–72
Nordel (2007) Nordic Grid Code 2007. http://www.entsoe.eu/index.php?id=62. Accessed 13 May 2010
Billinton R, Kuruganty PRS (1979) Probabilistic evaluation of transient stability in a multimachine power system. Proc Inst Electr Eng 126(4):321–326
Billinton R, Kuruganty PRS (1980) A probabilistic index for transient stability. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst PAS-99(1):195–206
Billinton R, Kuruganty PRS (1981) Probabilistic assessment of transient stability in a practical multimachine system. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst PAS-100(7):3634–3641
Kuruganty PRS, Billinton R (1979) An approximate method for probabilistic assessment of transient stability. IEEE Trans Reliab R 28(3):255–258
Anderson PM, Bose A (1983) A probabilistic approach to power system stability analysis. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst PAS-102(8):2430–2439
Anders GJ (1990) Probability concepts in electric power systems. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-50229-4
Khan ME (1998) Bulk Load Points Reliability Evaluation Using a Security Based Model. IEEE Trans on Power Syst 13(2):456–463
Rei AM, da Silva AML, Jardim JL, de Oliveira Mello JC (2000) Static and Dynamic Aspects in Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluations. IEEE Trans on Power Syst 15(1):189–195
Leite da Silva AM, Endrenyi J, Wang L (1993) Integrated Treatment of Adequancy and Security in Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluation. IEEE Trans on Applied Superconduct 3(1):274–285
Miki T, Okitsu D, Kushida M, Ogino T (1999) Development of a Hybrid Type Assessment Method for Power System Dynamic Reliability. IEEE Int Conf on Syst. In Proceedings: Man and Cybern 1999, SMC '99 Conf Proc 1:968–973
Phadke AG, Horowitz SH, Thorp JS (1995) Anatomy of Power System blackouts and Preventive Strategies by rational supervision and control of protection systems. ORNL/Sub/89-SD630C/1, A rep for the Power Syst Technol Program, Energy Division Oak Ridge Natl Lab
Nedic D, Dobson I, Kirschen D, Carreras B, Lynch V (2006) Criticality in a cascading failure blackout model. Electric Power and Energy Syst 28:627–633
Rios MA, Kirschen DS, Jayaweera D, Nedic DP, Allan RN (2002) Value of Security: Modeling Time-Dependent Phenomena and Weather Conditions. IEEE Trans on Power Syst 17(3):543–548
Dobson (2007) Where is the edge for cascading failure? Challenges and opportunities for quantifying blackout risk. In: IEEE Power Eng Soc Gen Meet, 24–28 June 2007, USA
Kirschen DS, Jayaweera D (2007) Comparison of risk-based and deterministic security assessments. IET Gener Transm Distrib 1(4):527–533
Doorman GL, Kjølle GH, Uhlen K et al (2004) Vulnerability of the Nordic power system. Report to the Nordic Counc of Ministers, TR A5962. http://193.88.185.141/Graphics/Energiforsyning/Forsyningssikkerhed/Elforsyningssikkerhed/VulnarabilityoftheNordicPowerSystem.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2010
Doorman GL, Uhlen K, Kjølle et al (2006) Vulnerability analysis of the Nordic power system. IEEE Trans Power Syst 21(1):401–410
Chen Q (2004) The probability, identification, and prevention of rare events in power systems. PhD dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. http://www.pserc.org/cgi-pserc/getbig/publicatio/2004public/qimingchen_phd_dissertation_on_cascading.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2010
Chen Q, McCalley JD (2005) Identifying high risk N-k contingencies for online security assessment. IEEE Trans Power Syst 20(2):823–834
Levi VA, Nahman JM, Nedic DP (2001) Security modeling for power system reliability evaluation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 16(1):29–37
Khan ME, Billinton R (1992) A hybrid model for quantifying different operating states of composite power systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 7(1):187–193
Grigg C, Wong P, Albrecht P et al (1999) The IEEE reliability test system—1996. IEEE Trans Power Syst 14(3):1010–1020
UCTE (2007) Final report—system disturbance on 4 November 2006. http://www.entsoe.eu/index.php?id=59. Accessed 13 May 2010
UCTE (2004) Final Report of the investigation committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy. http://www.entsoe.eu/index.php?id=59. Accessed 13 May 2010
U.S.–Canada Power System Outage Task Force (2004) Final report on the August 14th Blackout in the United States and Canada: causes and recommendations. https://reports.energy.gov/. Accessed 13 May 2010
Pottonen L (2005) A method for the probabilistic security analysis of transmission grids. A doctoral dissertation, Helsinki University of Technology, 951-22-7591-0, 951-22-7592-9 http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2005/isbn9512275929/. Accessed 29 June 2010
Haarla L, Pulkkinen U, Koskinen M, Jyrinsalo J (2008) A method for analysing the reliability of a transmission grid. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 93(2):277–287
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Haarla, L., Koskinen, M., Hirvonen, R., Labeau, PE. (2011). Grid Security: Problem Statement. In: Transmission Grid Security. Power Systems. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-145-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-145-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-144-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-145-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)