Abstract
We present a visual sensor network—comprising wide field-of-view (FOV) passive cameras and pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) active cameras—capable of automatically capturing closeup video of selected pedestrians in a designated area. The passive cameras can track multiple pedestrians simultaneously and any PTZ camera can observe a single pedestrian at a time. We propose a strategy for proactive PTZ camera control where cameras plan ahead to select optimal camera assignment and handoff with respect to predefined observational goals. The passive cameras supply tracking information that is used to control the PTZ cameras.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
A good compromise is to restrict the planning to the group of “relevant” cameras.
- 2.
Ideally, \(p(c_{i}|O) = {\mathcal{F}}(r(c_{i},O))\), where function \({\mathcal{F}}\) should be learned over multiple trials. Krahnstoever et al. arrive at a similar conclusion [9].
References
Collins, R., Amidi, O., Kanade, T.: An active camera system for acquiring multi-view video. In: Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, Rochester, NY, pp. 517–520 (2002)
Devarajan, D., Radke, R.J., Chung, H.: Distributed metric calibration of ad hoc camera networks. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 2(3), 380–403 (2006)
Farrell, R., Davis, L.S.: Decentralized discovery of camera network topology. In: Proc. Second International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC08), Menlo Park, CA (2008)
Gandhi, T., Trivedi, M.M.: Calibration of a reconfigurable array of omnidirectional cameras using a moving person. In: Proc. ACM International Workshop on Video Surveillance and Sensor Networks, New York, NY, pp. 12–19. ACM Press, New York (2004)
Hampapur, A., Pankanti, S., Senior, A., Tian, Y.-L., Brown, L., Bolle, R.: Face cataloger: Multi-scale imaging for relating identity to location. In: Proc. IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, Washington, DC, pp. 13–21 (2003)
Heath, K., Guibas, L.: Multi-person tracking from sparse 3D trajectories in a camera sensor network. In: Proc. Second International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC08), Menlo Park, CA (2008)
Jo, Y., Han, J.: A new approach to camera hand-off without camera calibration for the general scene with non-planar ground. In: Proc. 4th ACM International Workshop on Video Surveillance and Sensor Networks (VSSN06), Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 195–202. ACM, New York (2006)
Kim, J., Kim, D.: Probabilistic camera hand-off for visual surveillance. In: Proc. Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC08), Stanford, CA, pp. 1–8 (2008)
Krahnstoever, N.O., Yu, T., Lim, S.N., Patwardhan, K., Tu, P.H.: Collaborative real-time control of active cameras in large-scale surveillance systems. In: Proc. ECCV Workshop on Multi-camera and Multi-modal Sensor Fusion, Marseille, France, pp. 1–12 (2008)
Li, Y., Bhanu, B.: Utility-based dynamic camera assignment and hand-off in a video network. In: Proc. Second International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC08), Menlo Park, CA, pp. 1–9 (2008)
Meijer, P.B.L., Leistner, C., Martiniere, A.: Multiple view camera calibration for localization. In: Proc. First IEEE/ACM International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC07), Vienna, Austria, pp. 228–234 (2007)
Park, J., Bhat, P.C., Kak, A.C.: A look-up table based approach for solving the camera selection problem in large camera networks. In: Rinner, B., Wolf, W. (eds.) Working Notes of the International Workshop on Distributed Smart Cameras (DSC 2006), Boulder, CO, pp. 72–76 (2006)
Pedersini, F., Sarti, A., Tubaro, S.: Accurate and simple geometric calibration of multi-camera systems. Signal Process. 77(3), 309–334 (1999)
Qureshi, F.Z., Terzopoulos, D.: Surveillance camera scheduling: A virtual vision approach. ACM Multimed. Syst. J. 12(3), 269–283 (2006)
Qureshi, F.Z., Terzopoulos, D.: Smart camera networks in virtual reality. Proc. IEEE 96(10), 1640–1656 (2008) (Special Issue on Smart Cameras)
Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence. Pearson, Upper Saddle River (2003)
Shao, W., Terzopoulos, D.: Autonomous pedestrians. Graph. Models 69(5–6), 246–274 (2007)
Song, B., Soto, C., Roy-Chowdhury, A.K., Farrell, J.A.: Decentralized camera network control using game theory. In: Proc. Second IEEE/ACM International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC08), Menlo Park, CA, pp. 1–8 (2008)
Acknowledgements
The work reported herein was supported in part by a UOIT Startup Grant and an NSERC Discovery Grant. We thank Wei Shao and Mauricio Plaza-Villegas for their invaluable contributions to the implementation of the Penn Station simulator.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Qureshi, F.Z., Terzopoulos, D. (2011). Proactive PTZ Camera Control. In: Bhanu, B., Ravishankar, C., Roy-Chowdhury, A., Aghajan, H., Terzopoulos, D. (eds) Distributed Video Sensor Networks. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-127-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-127-1_19
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-126-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-127-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)