Skip to main content

Operads Revisited

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Algebra, Arithmetic, and Geometry

Part of the book series: Progress in Mathematics ((PM,volume 269))

Summary

Operads may be represented as symmetric monoidal functors on a small symmetric monoidal category. We discuss the axioms which must be imposed on a symmetric monoidal functor in order that it give rise to a theory similar to the theory of operads: we call such functors patterns. We also develop the enriched version of the theory, and show how it may be applied to axiomatize topological field theory.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 18D50, 57R56; 18D10, 18D20, 18C35

To Yuri Manin, many happy returns

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Clemens Berger and Ieke Moerdijk. Resolution of coloured operads and rectification of homotopy algebras. In: Categories in algebra, geometry, and mathematical physics, Contemp. Math. 431, AMS

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. M. Boardman and R. M. Vogt. Homotopy invariant algebraic structures on topological spaces. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1973.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Marta C. Bunge. Coherent extensions and relational algebras. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 197:355–390, 1974.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Kevin Costello. Topological conformal field theories and Calabi-Yau categories. Adv. Math., 210(1):165–214, 2007.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Brian Day. On closed categories of functors. In Reports of the Midwest Category Seminar, IV, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 137, pages 1–38. Springer, Berlin, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Eduardo J. Dubuc. Kan extensions in enriched category theory. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 145. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Benjamin Enriquez and Pavel Etingof. On the invertibility of quantization functors. J. Algebra, 289(2):321–345, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Zbigniew Fiedorowicz. The symmetric bar construction. http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~fiedorow/symbar.ps.gz.

  9. Wee Liang Gan. Koszul duality for dioperads. Math. Res. Lett., 10(1):109–124, 2003.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Getzler. Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras and two-dimensional topological field theories. Comm. Math. Phys., 159(2):265–285, 1994.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Getzler and M. M. Kapranov. Modular operads. Compositio Math., 110(1):65–126, 1998.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Mark Hovey, Brooke Shipley, and Jeff Smith. Symmetric spectra. J. Amer. Math. Soc., 13(1):149–208, 2000.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Geun Bin Im and G. M. Kelly. A universal property of the convolution monoidal structure. J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 43(1):75–88, 1986.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Peter T. Johnstone. Sketches of an elephant: a topos theory compendium. Vol. 1, volume 43 of Oxford Logic Guides. The Clarendon Press Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. M. Kelly. Structures defined by finite limits in the enriched context. I. Cahiers Topologie Géom. Différentielle, 23(1):3–42, 1982. Third Colloquium on Categories, Part VI (Amiens, 1980).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. F. E. J. Linton. Coequalizers in categories of algebras. In Sem. on Triples and Categorical Homology Theory (ETH, Zürich, 1966/67), pages 75–90. Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 80. Springer, Berlin, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Saunders Mac Lane. Categorical algebra. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 71:40–106, 1965.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Martin Markl, Steve Shnider, and Jim Stasheff. Operads in algebra, topology and physics, volume 96 of Mathematical Surveys and Monographs. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  19. F. Marmolejo. Distributive laws for pseudomonads. Theory Appl. Categ., 5: No. 5, 91–147 (electronic), 1999.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Sergei Merkulov. PROP profile of deformation quantization and graph complexes with loops and wheels. arXiv:math.QA/0412257.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gregory Moore and Nathan Seiberg. Classical and quantum conformal field theory. Comm. Math. Phys., 123(2):177–254, 1989.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Kiiti Morita. Duality for modules and its applications to the theory of rings with minimum condition. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku Sect. A, 6:83–142, 1958.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Ross Street. Fibrations and Yoneda's lemma in a 2-category. In Category Seminar (Proc. Sem., Sydney, 1972/1973), pages 104–133. Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 420. Springer, Berlin, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I thank Michael Batanin, André Henriques and Steve Lack for very helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this paper.

I am grateful to a number of institutions for hosting me during the writing of this paper: RIMS, University of Nice, and KITP. I am grateful to my hosts at all of these institutions, Kyoji Saito and Kentaro Hori at RIMS, André Hirschowitz and Carlos Simpson in Nice, and David Gross at KITP, for their hospitality.

I am also grateful to Jean-Louis Loday for the opportunity to lecture on an earlier version of this work at Luminy. I received support from NSF Grants DMS-0072508 and DMS-0505669.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ezra Getzler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Getzler, E. (2009). Operads Revisited. In: Tschinkel, Y., Zarhin, Y. (eds) Algebra, Arithmetic, and Geometry. Progress in Mathematics, vol 269. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4745-2_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics