Bone marrow and stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
- 94 Downloads
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable B-cell malignancy afflicting mainly elderly people with a median age of 65 to 70 years [1]. It is characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells that are resistant to standard doses of commonly employed agents at the time of diagnosis, resulting in complete remission (CR) rates of only 5%–10% and median survival of approximately three years. This inherent resistance is probably due to an array of molecular abnormalities of one or more oncogenes and suppressor genes inhibiting drug induced apoptosis, including ras, myc, p53, Rb, and bc1–2, that have evolved during a prolonged subclinical course of 10–20 years [2]. The recent report of a Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) in the dendritic cells of myeloma patients, whose genome contains the homologue to human IL-6, suggests that the KSHV may also play an important role in the etiology of multiple myeloma [3]. A combination of melphalan and prednisone has been the standard treatment for over 30 years [4]. Permutations of the melphalan/ prednisone regimen by the addition of alkylating agents and anthracyclines have not extended the median survival [5].
Keywords
Overall Survival Complete Remission Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Complete Remission Rate Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem CellPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Niesvizky R, Siegel D, Michaeli J. 1993. Biology and treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 7:24–33.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Feinman R, Sawyer J, Hardin J, Tricot G. 1997. Cytogenetics and molecular genetics in multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clinics North Am 1–25.Google Scholar
- 3.Rettig MB, Ma HJ, Vescio RA, Pold M, Schiller G, Belson D, Savage A, Nishikubo C, Wu C, Fraser J, Said JW, Berenson JR. 1997. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection of bone marrow dendritic cells from multiple myeloma patients. Science 276:1851–1854.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Bergsagel DE, Sprague CC, Austin C, Griffith KM. 1962. Evaluation of new chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. IV. L-phenylalanine mustard. Cancer Chemother Rep 21:87–99.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Boccardoro M, Marmount F, Tribalto M, Avvisate G, Andriani A, Barbui T, Cantonetti M, Carotenuto M, Comotti B, Dammacco F, Frieri R, Gallamini A, Gallone G, Giovangrossi P, Grignani F, Lauta VM, Liberati M, Musto P, Neretto G, Petrucci MT, Resegotti L, Pileri A, Mandelli F. 1991. Multiple myeloma: VMCP/VBAP alternating combination chemotherapy is not superior to melphalan and prednisone even in high-risk patients. J Clin Oncol 9:444–448.Google Scholar
- 6.Barlogie B, Smith L, Alexanian R. 1984. Effective treatment of advanced multiple myeloma refractory to alkylating agents. N Engl J Med 310:1353–1356.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Alexanian R, Barlogie B, Tucker S. 1990. VAD-based regimens as primary treatment for multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 33:86–89.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Fermand J, Chevret S, Ravaus P, Divine M, Leblond V, Dreyfus F, Mariette X, Brouet J. 1993. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: results of a phase II trial involving 63 patients. Blood 82:2005–2009.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Henon PH, Beck B, Debecker A, Eisenmanan JC, Lepers M, Kandel G. 1988. Autograft using peripheral blood stem cells collected after high dose melphalan in high risk myeloma. Br J Haematol 70:254–255.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Marit G, Faeres C, Pico JL, Boiron JM, Bourhis JH, Brault P, Bernard P, Foures C, Cony-Makhoul P, Puntuous M, Vezon G, Broustet A, Giralt D, Reiffers J. 1996. Autologous peripheral-blood progenitor-cell support following high-dose chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 14:1306–1313.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 11.Attal M, Huguet M, Schlaifer D, Payen C, Laroche M, Fournie B, Mazieres B, Pris J, Laurenet G. 1992. Intensive combined therapy for previously untreated myeloma. Blood 79:1130–1136.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Harousseau JL, Attal M, Divine M, Marit G, Leblond V, Stoppa A-M, Bourhis J-H, Caillot D, Boasson M, Abgrall J-F, Facon T, Linassier C, Cahn J-Y, Lamy T, Troussard X, Gratecos N, Pignon B, Auzanneau G, Bataille R. 1995. Autologous stem cell transplantation after first remission induction treatment in multiple myeloma: a report of the French Registry on autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma. Blood 85:3077–3085.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Cunningham D, Paz-Ares L, Milan S, Powles R, Nicolson M, Hickish T, Selby P, Treleavan J, Viner C, Malpas J, Slevin M, Findlay M, Raymond J, Gore ME. 1994. High-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation as consolidation in previously untreated myeloma. J Clin Oncol 12:759–763.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 14.Anderson KC, Anderson J, Soiffer R, Freedman AS, Rabinowe SN, Robertson MJ, Spector N, Blake K, Murray C, Freeman A, Coral F, Marcus KC, Mauch P, Nadler LM, Ritz J. 1993. Monoclonal antibody-purged bone marrow transplantation therapy for multiple myeloma. Blood 82:2568–2576.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Dimopoulos MA, Alexanian R, Przepiorka D, Hester J, Andersson B, Giralt S, Mehra R, Van Besien K, Delasalle K, Reading C, Deisseroth A, Champlin R. 1993. Thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide: a new preparative regimen for autologous marrow or blood stem cell transplantation in high-risk multiple myeloma. Blood 82:2324–2328.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 16.Bensinger WI, Rowley SD, Demirer T, Lilleby K, Schiffman K, Clift RA, Appelbaum FR, Fefer A, Barnett T, Storb R, Chauncey T, Maziarz RT, Klarnet J, McSweeney P, Homberg L, Maloney DG, Weaver CH, Buckner CD. 1996. High-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell infusion for patients with multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 14:1447–1456.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 17.Bjorkstrand B, Ljungman P, Bird JM, et al. 1995. Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: results of the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation. Stem Cells 13(2):140–146.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Attal M, Harousseau JL, Stoppa A-M, Sotto JJ, Fuzibet G, Rossi JF, Casassus P, Maisonneurve H, Facon T, Ifrah N, Payen C, Bataille R. 1996. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 335:91–97.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Vesole DH, Barlogie B, Jagannath S, Cheson B, Tricot G, Alexanian R, Crowley J. 1994. High-dose therapy for refractory multiple myeloma: improved prognosis with better supportive care and doubletransplants. Blood 84:950–956.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 20.Vesole DH, Tricot G, Jagannath S, Desikan KR, Siegel D, Bracy D, Miller L, Cheson B, Crowley J, Barlogie B. 1996. Autotransplants in multiple myeloma: what have we learned? Blood 88:838–847.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 21.Barlogie B, Jagannath S, Vesole DH, Naucke S, Cheson B, Mattox S, Bracy D, Salmon S, Jacobson J, Crowley J, Tricot G. 1997. Superiority of tandem autologous transplantation over standard therapy for previously untreated multiple myeloma. Blood 89:789–793.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 22.McElwain TJ, Powles RL. 1983. High-dose intravenous melphalan for plasma-cell leukemia and myeloma. Lancet 1:822–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Jagannath S, Vesole DH, Glenn L, Crowley J, Barlogie B. 1992. Low risk intensive therapy for multiple myeloma with combined autologous bone marrow and blood stem cell support. Blood 80:1666–1672.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 24.Jagannath S, Vesole DH, Zhang M, Desikan KR, Copeland N, Jagannath M, Bracy D, Jones R, Crowley J, Tricot G, Barlogie B. In press. Feasibility and cost effectiveness of outpatient autotransplants in multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant.Google Scholar
- 25.Henon P, Donatini B, Eisenmann JC, Becker M, Beck-Wirth G. 1995. Comparative survival, quality of life and cost-effectiveness of intensive therapy with autologous blood cell transplantation or conventional chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 16:19–25.Google Scholar
- 26.Harousseau JL, Stoppa AM, Sotto JJ, Fuzibet G, Rossi JF, Casassus P, Thyss A, Maisonneuve H, Facon T, Ifrah N, Paven C, Bataille R. 1992. Double intensive therapy in high risk multiple myeloma. Blood 79:2827–2833.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 27.Bjorkstrand B, Ljungman P, Bird JM, Samson D, Gahrton G. 1995. Double high-dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation can induce molecular remissions in multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 15:367–371.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 28.Jagannath S, Tricot G, Desikan KR, Siegel D, Mehta J, Singhal S, Barlogie B. 1997. Double autotransplants (DAT) for 542 patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Proc Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 16:14a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 29.Alexanian R, Dimopolous M, Smith T, Delaselle K, Barlogie B, Champlin R. 1994. Limited value of myeloablative therapy for late multiple myeloma. Blood 83:512–516.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 30.Alexanian R, Dimopolous M, Hester J, Delasalle K, Champlin R. 1994. Early myeloablative therapy for multiple myeloma. 84:4278–4282.Google Scholar
- 31.Tricot G, Sawyer J, Jagannath S, Bracy D, Mattox S, Vesole D, Naucke S, Barlogie B. 1995. Poor prognosis in multiple myeloma is associated only with partial or complete deletions of chromosome 13 or abnormalities involving 11q and not with other karyotype abnormalities. Blood 86:4250–4256.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 32.Jagannath S, Tricot G, Vesole D, Desikan KR, Munshi N, Siegel D, Crowley J, Bracy D, Mattox S, Naucke S, Barlogie B. 1996. Total therapy (TT) with tandem autotransplants (2 TX) for 231 newly diagnosed patients (PTS) with multiple myeloma (MM). Blood 88(Suppl l):685a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 33.Attal M, Payen C, Facon T, Michaux JL, Guilhot F, Moconduit M, Fuzibet JG, Caillot D, Dorvaux V, Harousseau JL, Cahn JY, Grobois B, Stoppa AM, Ifrah N, Sotto JJ, Pignon B, Bataille R. 1997. High dose therapy in multiple myeloma: the experience of the ‘Intergroupe Francais Du Myelome’ (IFM). VIth International Workshop on Multiple Myeloma, Boston, MA, June 14–18.Google Scholar
- 34.Fermand JP, Ravaud P, Chevret S, Divine M, Leblond V, Belanger C, Dreyfus F, Troussard X, Brechignac S, Mariette X, Brouet JC. 1996. Early versus late high dose therapy (HDC) and autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation in multiple myeloma (MM): results of a prospective randomized trial. Blood 88(Suppl 1):685a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 35.Tricot G, Alberts D, Johnson C, Roe D, Dorr R, Vesole D, Jagannath S, Meyers R, Barlogie B. 1996. Autotransplants with high dose melphalan in renal failure: a pharmacokinetic and toxicity study. Clin Cancer Res 2:947–952.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 36.Jagannath S, Barlogie B, Vesole D, Bracy D, Mattox S, Tricot G. 1995. Autotransplants (AT) can be performed safely in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with renal insufficiency. Blood 86(Suppl 1):809a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 37.Ballester OF, Tummala R, Jannsen WE, Fields KK, Hiemenz JW, Goldstein SC, Perkins JB, Sullivan DM, Rosen R, Sackstein R, Zorsky P, Elfenbein GJ. 1997. High dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma and renal insufficiency. Bone Marrow Transplant 20:653–656.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.Vesole DH, Jagannath S, Tricot G, Siegel S, Desikan KR, Vaught L, Barlogie B. 1995. Efficacy and safety of high dose therapy with autotransplantation (AT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients over age 60. Blood 86(Suppl 1):206a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 39.Siegel D, Jagannath S, Desikan K, Tricot G, Bracy D, Mattox S, Barlogie B, Vesole D. 1996. Feasibility of high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support for multiple myeloma patients over age 70. Blood 88(Suppl 1):130a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 40.Guba SC, Jagannath S, Tricot G, Desikan KR, Siegel D, Barlogie B, Vesole D. In press. CD34 peripheral blood stem cell mobilization, infusion and engraftment in patients with multiple myeloma over the age of 60. Bone Marrow Transplant.Google Scholar
- 41.Tricot G, Jagannath S, Vesole DH, Crowley J, Barlogie B. 1996. Relapse of multiple myeloma after autologous transplantation: survival after salvage therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 16:7–11.Google Scholar
- 42.Tricot G, Jagannath S, Desikan K, Munshi N, Siegel D, Bracy D, Barlogie B. 1996. Salvage transplants for early relapse (≤1 year) after a single autotransplant (AT) are effective and improve outcome. Blood 88(Suppl):131a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 43.Trawkeek ST, Slovak ML, Nademanee AP, Byrnes RK, Niland JC, Forman SJ. 1994. Clonal karyotypic hematopoietic cell abnormalities occurring after autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Blood 84:957–963.Google Scholar
- 44.Stone RM, Neuberg D, Soiffer R, Takvorian T, Whelan M, Rabinowe SN, Aster JC, Leavitt P, Mauch P, Freedman AS, Nadler LM. 1994. Myelodysplastic syndrome as a late complication following autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 12:2535–2542.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 45.Govindarajan R, Jagannath S, Flick J, Vesole DH, Sawyer J, Barlogie B, Tricot G. 1996. Preceding standard therapy is the likely cause of MDS after autotransplants for multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 95:349–353.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 46.Demirer T, Buckner CD, Gooley T, Appelbaum FR, Rowley S, Chauncey T, Lilleby K, Storb R, Bensinger WI. 1996. Factors influencing collection of peripheral blood stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 17:937–941.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 47.Tricot G, Jagannath S, Vesole D, Nelson J, Tindle S, Miller L, Cheson B, Crowley J, Barlogie B. 1995. Peripheral blood stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma: identification of favorable variables for rapid engraftment in 225 patients. Blood 85:588–596.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 48.Desikan K, Jagannath S, Siegel D, Munshi N, Bracy D, Barlogie B, Tricot G. 1996. Post-transplant engraftment kinetics and toxicities in multiple myeloma patients are comparable following mobilization of PBSC with G-CSF with or without high dose cyclophosphamide. Blood 88(Suppl):679a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 49.Bensinger WI, Appelbaum FR, Rowley S, Storb R, Sanders J, Lilleby K, Gooley T, Demirer T, Schiffman K, Weaver C, Clift R, Chauncey T, Klarnet J, Montgomery P, Petersdorf S, Weiden P, Witherspoon R, Buckner CD. 1995. Factors influencing collection and engraftment of autologous peripheral blood stem cells. J Clin Oncol 13:2547–2555.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 50.Gazitt Y, Tian E, Barlogie B, Reading CC, Vesole D, Jagannath S, Schnell J, Hoffman R, Tricot G. 1996. Differential mobilization of myeloma cells and normal hematopoietic stem cells in multiple myeloma following treatment with cyclophosphamide and GM-CSF. Blood 87:805–811.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 51.Gobbi M, Cavo M, Tazzari PL, Dinota A, Tassi C, Bontadini A, Albertazzi L, Miggiano C, Rizzi S, Rosti G, Bolognesi A, Stirpe F, Tura S. 1989. Autologous bone marrow transplantation with immunotoxin-purged marrow for advanced multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 51:176–181.Google Scholar
- 52.Reece DE, Barnett MJ, Connors JM, Klingemann HG, O’Reilly SE, Shepherd JD, Sutherland JH, Phillips GL. 1993. Treatment of multiple myeloma with intensive chemotherapy followed by autologous BMT using marrow purged with 4-hydroperoxycylophosphamide. Bone Marrow Transplant 11:139–146.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 53.Schiller G, Vescio R, Freytes C, Spitzer G, Sahebi F, Lee M, Wu CH, Cao J, Lee JC, Hong CH, Lichtenstein A, Lill M, Hall J, Berenson R, Berenson J. 1995. Transplantation of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells after high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Blood 86:390–397.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 54.Gazitt Y, Reading CC, Hoffman R, Wickrema A, Vesole D, Jagannath S, Condino J, Lee B, Barlogie B, Tricot G. 1995. Purified CD34+Lin-Thy+ stem cells do not contain clonal myeloma cells. Blood 86:381–389.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 55.Gazitt Y, Barlogie B, Tian E, Jagannath S, Vesole D, Naucke S, Tricot G. 1996. Double autotransplants can induce molecular remission in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 37:1315a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 56.Barlogie B, Jagannath S, Epstein J, Munshi N, Siegel D, Desikan KR, Feinman R, Hsu P-L, von Bremen K, Tricot G. 1997. Biology and therapy of multiple myeloma in 1996. Semin Hematol 34(Suppl 1):67–72.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 57.Bensinger WI, Buckner CD, Gahrton G. 1997. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 11:147–157.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 58.Gahrton G, Tura S, Ljungman P, Blade J, Brandt L, Cavo M, Facon T, Gratwohl A, Hagenbeek A, Jacobs P, de Laurenzi A, van Lint M, Michallet M, Nikoskelainen J, Reiffers J, Samson D, Verdonck L, de Witte T, Volin L. 1995. Prognostic factors in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 13:1312–1322.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 59.Durie BGM, Gale RP, Horowitz M. 1994. Allogeneic and twin transplants for multiple myeloma: an IBMTR analysis. Blood 84(Suppl 1):202a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 60.Bensinger WI, Buckner CD, Anasetti C, Clift R, Storb R, Barnett T, Chauncey T, Shulman H, Appelbaum FR. 1996. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma: an analysis of risk factors on outcome. Blood 88:2787–2793.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 61.Vesole D, Tricot G, Jagannath S, Siegel D, Desikan KR, Barlogie B. 1996. Allogeneic transplantation (AlloTx) for extensively pretreated multiple myeloma (MM). Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 15:1394a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 62.Reece DE, Shepherd JD, Klingemann HG, Sutherland HJ, Nantel SH, Barnett MJ, Spinelli JJ. 1995. Treatment of myeloma using intensive therapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 15:117–123.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 63.Gratwohl A, Hermans J, Niederwieser D, Frasson IF, Arcese W, Gahrton G, Bandini G, Carreras E, Vernant JP, Bosi A, de Witte T, Fivve WE, Zwaan F, Michallet M, Ruutu T, Devergie A, Iriondo A, Apperley J, Reiffers J, Speck B, Goldman J. 1993. Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid-leukemia: long-term results. Bone Marrow Transplant 12:509–516.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 64.Horowitz MM, Gale RP, Sondel PM, Goldman JM, Kersey J, Kolb H-J, Rimm AA, Ringden O, Rozman C, Speck B, Truitt RL, Zwaan FE, Bortin MM. 1990. Graft-versus-leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 75:555–572.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 65.Collins RH, Shpilberg O, Drobyski WR, Porter DL, Giralt S, Champlin R, Goodman SA, Wolff SN, Hu W, Verfaillie C, List A, Dalton W, Ognoskie N, Chetrit A, Antin JH, Nemunaitis J. 1997. Donor leukocyte infusions in 140 patients with relapsed malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 15:433–444.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 66.Vesole DH, Jagannath S, Tricot G, Vaught L, Barlogie B. 1994. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (AlloBMT) in refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Blood 84(Suppl 1):536a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 67.Tricot G, Vesole DH, Jagannath S, Hilton J, Munshi N, Barlogie B. 1996. Graft-versus-myeloma effect: proof of principle. Blood 87:1196–1198.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 68.Verdonck LF, Lokhorst HM, Dekker AW, Nieuwenhuis HK, Petersen DJ. 1996. Graft-versus-myeloma effect in two cases. Lancet 347:800–801.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 69.Aschen J, Lonnqvist B, Ringden O, Kumlien G, Gahrton G. 1996. Graft-versus-myeloma effect. Lancet 348:346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 70.Alyea EP, Schlossman RL, Canning C, Collins H, Pickett C, Wang Y, Soiffer RJ, Anderson KC, Ritz J. 1996. CD-8 depleted donor lymphocyte infusions mediate graft-versus-myeloma (MM) effect (abstract). Blood 88(Suppl 1):258a.Google Scholar
- 71.Lokhorst HM, Schattengerg A, Cornelissen JJ, Thomas LLM, Verdonck LF. 1997. Successful induction of graft-versus-myeloma by donor leukocyte infusions in relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. VIth International Workshop on Multiple Myeloma, Boston, MA, June 14–18.Google Scholar
- 72.Munshi N, Jagannath S, Vesole D, Desikan KR, Barlogie B, Tricot G. 1996. Graft vs myeloma effect: Thymidine kinase (TK) gene transduced lymphocyte infusion following allogeneic transplantation in myeloma. Blood 88(Suppl 1):244a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 73.Bjorkstrand B, Ljungman P, Svensson H, Hermans J, Alegre A, Apperley J, Blade J, Carlson K, Cavo M, Ferrant A, Goldston AH, de Laurenzi A, Majolina I, Marcus R, Prentice HG, Remes K, Samson D, Sureda A, Verdonck LF, Volin L, Gahrton G. 1996. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation versus autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: a retrospective case-matched study from the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Blood 88:4711–4718.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 74.Mehta J, Tricot G, Jagannath S, Ayers D, Singhal S, Bracy B, Siegel D, Desikan KR, Munshi N, Vesole D, Barlogie B. 1996. A single-center matched-pair comparison of auto-and allografting in multiple myeloma. Blood 88(Suppl 1):618a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 75.Couban S, Steward AK, Loach D, Pansarella T, Meharchand J. 1997. Autologous and allogeneic transplantation for multiple myeloma at a single centre. Bone Marrow Transplant 19:783–789.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 76.Browman GP, Bergsagel D, Sicheri D, O’Reilly S, Wilson KS, Rubin S, Belch A, Shustik C, Barr R, Walker I, James K, Zee B, Johnston D. 1995. Randomized trial of interferon maintenance in multiple myeloma: a study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group. J Clin Oncol 13:2354–2360.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 77.The Nordic Myeloma Study Group. 1996. Interferon-α2b added to melphalan-prednisone for initial and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 124:212–222.Google Scholar
- 78.Attal M, Hueget F, Schlaifer D, Payen C, Lassoued S, Laroche M, Rossi JF, Fournie B, Mazieres B, Pris J. 1991. Maintenance treatment with recombinant alpha interferon after autologous bone marrow transplantation for aggressive myeloma in first remission after conventional induction chemotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 8:125–128.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 79.Powles R, Raje N, Cunningham D, Malpas J, Milan S, Horton C, Mehta J, Singhal S, Viner C, Treleaven J. 1995. Maintenance therapy for remission in myeloma with Intron A following high-dose melphalan and either an autologous bone marrow or peripheral stem cell rescue. Stem Cells 13(2):114–117.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 80.Jagannath S, Crowley J, Vesole D, Naucke S, Bracy D, Barlogie B, Tricot G. 1995. Interferonalpha (IFN) may improve event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in multiple myeloma (MM) following double autotransplants (DAT). Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 14:1354a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 81.Samson D, Volin L, Shanz U, Bosi A, Gahrton G. 1996. Feasibility and toxicity of interferon maintenance therapy after allogeneic BMT for multiple myeloma: a pilot study of the EBMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 17:759–762.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 82.Munshi NC, Desikan KR, Jagannath S, Siegel D, Bracy D, Tricot G, Barlogie B. 1996. Dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cis-platinum (DCEP), an effective regimen for relapse after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplantation. Blood 88(Suppl 1):586a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 83.Kwak LW, Taub DD, Duffey PL, Bensinger WI, Bryant EM, Reynolds CW, Longo DL. 1995. Transfer of myeloma idiotype-specific immunity from an actively immunised marrow donor. Lancet 345:1016–1020.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 84.Stevenson FK, Zhu D, King CA, Ashworth LJ, Kumar J, Thompsett A, Haukins RE. 1995. A genetic approach to idiotypic vaccination for B cell lymphoma. Ann New York Acad Sci 772:212–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 85.Reicherdt V, Okada C, Benike C, Long G, Engleman E, Blume K, Levy R. 1996. Idiotypic vaccination using dendritic cells for multiple myeloma patients after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Blood 88(Suppl 1):481a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 86.Miller JS, Tessmer-Tuck J, Pierson BA, Weisdorf D, McGlave P, Blazar BR, Katsanis E, Verfaillie C, Lebkowski J, Radford J, Burns L. 1997. Low dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 after autologous transplantation generates sustained in vivo natural killer cell activity. Am Soc Blood Marrow Transplant 3:34–44.Google Scholar
- 87.Giralt S, Weber D, Colome M, Dimopoulos M, Mehra R, Von Besien K, Gajewski J, Andersson B, Khouri I, Przepiorka D, von Wolff B, Delasalle K, Korbling M, Seong D, Alexanian R, Champlin R. 1997. Phase I trial of cyclosporine-induced autologous graft-versus-host disease in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue. J Clin Oncol 15:667–673.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 88.Munshi NC, Ding LM, Dahe Lu, Kornbluth J, Naugler S, Mahavi D, Srivastava A. 1996. GM-CSF transduction of the tumor cells provides lasting immune response in multiple myeloma. Blood 88(Suppl 1):585a. (abstract)Google Scholar
- 89.Jagannath S, Tricot G, Desikan KR, Naucke S, Mattox S, Dicke K, Barlogie B. 1996. 20% 9 year survival after high dose therapy (HDT) ± ABMT for high risk myeloma (MM) ≤ age 50 or β2M ≤2.5mg/L pre-HDT. Blood 88(Suppl 1):130a. (abstract)Google Scholar