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Biology of the Arterial Wall pp 235–258Cite as

Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis

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Part of the book series: Basic Science for the Cardiologist ((BASC,volume 1))

Abstract

Developments in characterizing the cellular components of the atherosclerotic plaque [1] and in the description of its natural history [2, 3] give a better knowledge of the agents of atherogenesis. Histologically, the foam cells of the fatty streak which characterizes the plaque at an early stage are derived from macrophages (see Stary’s classification below). At a later stage the lipidic mass is covered with a fibrous tissue which is mainly made of smooth muscle cells, and thus forms the fibrolipidic plaque. Rather large amounts of T-lymphocytes - about 20% - are found as well, surrounding the plaque and in the fibrous cap [4]. The hypothesis of a primary endothelial lesion appearing before the inflammatory recruitment does not seem to be correct. The endothelium actually remains morphologically intact during the development of atherosclerosis, although it is activated and directly involved in the immuno-inflammatory response. The response develops once plasma LDL have first accumulated in the intima and have been oxidized (by free radicals, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells or macrophages). Modified LDL are then recognized by the scavenger receptors (SR) expressed on the macrophage surface. These receptors, including type I and II class A SR [5], CD36 [6], the Fc receptor γ RII-B2 for IgG [7], SR-BI [8] and CD68 [9, 10], can internalize high levels of modified LDL because they are not negatively controlled when the intracellular concentration of cholesterol increases [11].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lariboisière hospital, INSERM U 141, Paris, France

    Alain Tedgui, Catherine Bernard & Ziad Mallat

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  1. Alain Tedgui
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  2. Catherine Bernard
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  1. Lariboisiére hospital, INSERM U141, Paris, France

    Bernard I. Levy  & Alain Tedgui  & 

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© 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Tedgui, A., Bernard, C., Mallat, Z. (1999). Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis. In: Levy, B.I., Tedgui, A. (eds) Biology of the Arterial Wall. Basic Science for the Cardiologist, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-38146-6_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-38146-6_12

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