Abstract
Traditional clinical decision making has been based on information provided by clinical experts, usually during undergraduate and post graduate training, and then supplemented by formal continuing medical education and informally through consultations. There is an implicit assumption that the need for scientific information is satisfied by this process. However, there is convincing evidence that this assumption is incorrect [1]. The opinion of experts is often inconsistent with scientific evidence [2]. In response to this unsatisfactory situation, the concept of evidence-based medicine has evolved [3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Williamson JW, German PS, Weiss R, Skinner EA and Bowes F. Health science information management and continuing education of physicians: a survey of US primary dare physicians and their opinion leaders. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110:151–60
Antman EM, Lao J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F and Chalmers TC. A comparison of results of meta-analysies of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts; treatments for myocardial infarction. JAMA 1992; 268:240–8
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Evidence-based medicine: a new approach to teaching the practice of medicine. JAMA 1992; 268:2420–5.
Kuhn TS. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press; 1970.
Carruthers SG, Larochelle P, Haynes RB, Petrasovits A and Schiffrin EL. Report of the Canadian hypertension society concensus conference: 1. Introduction. Can Med Asoc J 1993; 149:289–93
Oxman AD, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.Users guides to the medical literature. 1. How to get started. JAMA 1993; 270:2093–5.
Haynes RB, McKibbon K.A, Fitzgerald D, Guyatt GH, Walker CJ and Sackett DL. How to keep up with the medical literature, V access by personal computer to the medical literature. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112:78–84.
Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Users guides to the medical literature. II How to use an article about therapy or prevention. A. Are the results of the study valid? JAMA 1993; 270: 2598–601.
Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DL for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Users guides to the medical literature. II How to use an article about therapy or prevention. B. What were the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? JAMA 1994; 271:59–63.
Chalmers TC, Celano P, Sacks HS and Smith H Jr. Bias in treatment assignments in controlled clinical trials. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1358–61.
Colditz GA, Miller JN and Mosteller F. How study design affects outcomes in comparisons of therapy, I. Medical. Stat Med 1989; 8:441–54.
Haynes RB, Mukherjee J, Sackett DL, Taylor DW, Barnett HJM and Peerless SJ. Functional status changes following medical or surgical treatment for cerebral ischemia: results in the EC/IC Bypass Study. JAMA 1987; 257:2043–6.
Oxman AD and Guyatt GH. A consumer’s guide to subgroup analysis. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 78–84.
Oxman AD, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Users’ guides to the medical literature. VI. How to use an overview. JAMA 1994; 272:1367–71.
Chalmers TC, Berrier J, Sacks HS et al: Meta-analysis of clinical trials as a scientific discipline, II: replicate variability and comparison of studies that agree and disagree. Stat Med 1987; 6: 733–44.
Klahr S, Levey AD, Beck GJ, Caggiula AW, Hunsicker L, Kusek JW, Striker G for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 877–44
Mehta R, McDonald B, Gabbi F, Pahl M, Farkas A, Pascual M, Fowler W for the ARF Collaborative Study Group. Continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure in the ICU. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7:1457 (abstract).
Levey AS, Adler S, Caggiula AW, England BK, Greene T, Hunsicker LG et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27:652–63.
Pedrini MT, Levey AS, Lau J, Chalmers TC and Wang PH. The effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of diabetic and non-diabetic renal diseases: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:627–32.
Browman GP, Levine MN, Mohide EA, Hayward RS, Pritchard KJ, Gafni A et al: The practice guidelines developement cycle: a conceptual tool for practice guidelines development and implementation. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:502–12
Davis DA and Taylor-Vaisey A. Translating guidelines into practice: a systematic review of theoretic concepts, practical experience and research evidence in the adoption of clinical practice guidelines. Can Med Assoc J 1997; 157:408–16.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Churchill, D.N. (1999). Evidence-based medicine as a strategy for improving the quality of clinical decision making for dialysis patients. In: Henderson, L.W., Thuma, R.S. (eds) Quality Assurance in Dialysis. Developments in Nephrology, vol 39. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-28312-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-28312-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-5281-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-585-28312-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive