Abstract
The rock and coal, surrounding a coal mine tunnel, act as relatively low-loss dielectric media in the frequencies of range 200–4,000 MHz and dielectric constant of 5–10. Under these conditions a reasonable hypothesis is that the transmission takes the form of wave propagation, since the wavelength of ultra-high-frequency (UHF) waves are smaller than the tunnel dimensions (Reed and Russell, 1966; Emslie et al., 1975). An electromagnetic wave traveling along a rectangular tunnel in a dielectric medium can propagate in any one of a number of allowed waveguide modes (Alfred et al., 1974). All of these modes are lossy modes because any part of the wave that impinges on tunnel wall is partly refracted into the surrounding dielectric and partly reflected back into the waveguide (Holloway et al., 2000).
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Bandyopadhyay, L., Chaulya, S., Mishra, P. (2010). Line-of-Sight Communication. In: Wireless Communication in Underground Mines. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98165-9_5
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