Abstract
Thermally stable, ordered surface alloys of Sn and Pt that isolate threefold Pt, twofold Pt, and single-Pt atom sites can be produced by controlled deposition of Sn onto Pt single crystals and annealing. The structure was established by characterization with several techniques, including ALISS, XPD, LEED, and STM. Chemisorption and catalysis studies of these well-defined, bimetallic surfaces also define the overall chemical reactivity of Pt–Sn alloys, clarify the role of a second-metal component in altering chemistry and catalysis on Pt alloys, and develop general principles that describe the reactivity and selectivity of bimetallic alloy catalysts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sinfelt JH (1983) Bimetallic catalysis: discoveries, concepts, and applications. Wiley, New York
JH Sinfelt (1981) Catalytic Reforming of Hydrocarbons In: Anderson JR, Boudart, M (eds) Catalysis: science and technology, Vol. 1, Ch. 5. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 257
Hickman DA, Schmidt LD (1993) Production of syngas by direct catalytic oxidation of methane. Science 259:343
Bodke AS, Olschki DA, Schmidt LD (1999) High selectivities to ethylene by partial oxidation of ethane. Science 285:712
Liebmann LS, Schmidt LD (1999) Oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane at short contact times. Appl Catal A: Gen 179:93
Castro AA (1993) Catalysts for the selective dehydrogenation of high molecular weight paraffins. Catal Lett 22:123
Coq B, Tijani A, Figueras F (1992) Influence of alloying platinum for the hydrogenation of para-chloronitrobenzene over PtM/Al2O3 catalysts with M = Sn, Pb, Ge, Al, Zn. J Mol Catal 71:317
Neri G, Milone C, Donato A (1994) Selective hydrogenation of citral over Pt–Sn supported on activated carbon. J Chem Tech Biotech 60:83
Marinelli TBLW, Nabuurs S, Ponec V (1995) Activity and selectivity in the reactions of substituted α, β-unsaturated aldehydes. J Catal 151:431
Cortright RD, Dumesic JA (1995) L-zeolite-supported platinum and platinum/tin catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation. Appl Catal A: Gen 129:101
Cortright RD, Levin PE, Dumesic JA (1998) Kinetic studies of isobutane dehydrogenation and isobutene hydrogenation over Pt/Sn-based catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 37:1717
Hill JM, Cortright RD, Dumesic JA (1998) Silica- and L-zeolite-supported Pt, Pt/Sn and Pt/Sn/K catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation. Appl Catal A: Gen 168:9
Campbell CT (1990) Bimetallic surface chemistry. Annu Rev Phys Chem 44:775
Wang K, Gasteiger HA, Markovic NM, Ross PN Jr (1996) On the reaction pathway for methanol and carbon monoxide electrooxidation on Pt–Sn alloy versus Pt–Ru alloy surfaces. Electrochim Acta 41:2587
Verbeek H, Sachtler WMH (1976) The study of the alloys of platinum and tin by chemisorption. J Catal 42:257
Dautzenberg FM, Helle JN, Biloen P, Sachtler WMH (1980) Conversion of n-hexane over monofunctional supported and unsupported PtSn catalysts. J Catal 63:119
Unger W, Marton D (1989) A SIMS and XPS examination of low-pressure oxygen adsorption on Pt3Sn: oxygen uptake and surface characteristics. Surf Sci 218:L467
Paffett MT, Windham RG (1989) Surface modification of pt(111) by sn adatoms: evidence for the formation of ordered overlayers and surface alloys. Surf Sci 208:34
Overbury SH, Mullins DR, Paffett MT, Koel BE (1991) Surface structural determination of Sn deposited on Pt(111) by low energy alkali ion scattering. Surf Sci 254:45
Atrei A, Bardi U, Wu JX, Zanazzi E, Rovida G (1993) LEED crystallographic investigation of ultrathin films formed by deposition of Sn on the Pt(111) surface. Surf Sci 290:286
Galeotti M, Atrei A, Bardi U, Rovida G, Torrini M (1994) Surface alloying at the Sn-Pt(111) interface: a study by x-ray photoelectron diffraction. Surf Sci 313:349
Li Y, Koel BE (1995) Structural studies of Sn/Pt(100) surfaces: conditions for alloy formation. Surf Sci 330:193
Atrei A, Bardi U, Rovida G, Torrini M, Zanazzi E, Ross PN (1992) Structure of the (001)- and (111)-oriented surfaces of the ordered fcc Pt3Sn alloy by low-energy-electron-diffraction intensity analysis. Phys Rev B 46:1649
Xu C, Koel BE (1994) Probing the modifier precursor state: adsorption of CO on Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 304:L505
Li Y, Voss MR, Swami N, Tsai YL, Koel BE (1997) Probing the structures of bimetallic Sn/Rh(111) surfaces: alkali ion scattering and X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies. Phys Rev B 56:15982
Paffett MT, Logan AD, Simonson RJ, Koel BE (1991) A multitechnique surface science examination of Sn deposition on Pt(100). Surf Sci 250:123
Batzill M, Beck D, Koel BE (2004) Metastable surface structures of the bimetallic Sn/Pt(100) system. Surf Sci 558:35
Overbury SH, Ku YS (1992) Formation of stable, two-dimensional alloy-surface phases: Sn on Cu(111), Ni(111), and Pt(111). Phys Rev B 46:7868
Li YD, Jiang LQ, Koel BE (1994) Surface alloy formation and the structure of c(2 × 2)-Sn/Ni(100) determined by low energy alkali ion scattering. Phys Rev B 49:2813
Ross PN (1992) Trends in the bonding of CO to the surfaces of Pt3M alloys (M = Ti, Co, and Sn). J Vac Sci Technol A 10:2546
Paffett MT, Gebhard SC, Windham RG, Koel BE (1990) Chemisorption of CO, H2, and O2 on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. J Phys Chem 94:6831
Xu C, Koel BE (1994) A LEED, TPD, and HREELS investigation of NO adsorption on Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 310:198
Panja C, Koel BE (1998) Probing the influence of alloyed Sn on Pt(100) surface chemistry by CO chemisorption. Isr J Chem 38:365
Panja C, Koel BE (2000) Influence of alloyed Sn on adsorption and reaction of NO on Pt(100) surfaces. J Phys Chem A 104:2486
Xu C, Koel BE (1994) Adsorption kinetics on chemically modified or bimetallic surfaces. J Chem Phys 100:664
Voss MR, Busse H, Koel BE (1998) Adsorption of thermal D atoms on Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 414:330
Samson P, Nesbitt A, Koel BE, Hodgson A (1998) Deuterium dissociation on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. J Chem Phys 109:3255
Xu C, Koel BE, Paffett MT (1994) Adsorption and desorption behavior of n-butane and isobutane on Pt(111) and Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Langmuir 10:166
Xu C, Tsai YL, Koel BE (1994) Adsorption of cyclohexane and benzene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. J Phys Chem 98:585
Zhao H, Koel BE (2004) Adsorption and reaction of bicyclic hydrocarbons at Pt(111) and Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys: trans-decahydronaphthalene (C10H18) and bicyclohexane (C12H22). Surf Sci 573:413
Gebhard SC, Windham RG, Koel BE, Paffett MT (1989) Chemisorption of ethylene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 223:449
Tsai YL, Xu C, Koel BE (1997) Chemisorption of ethylene, propylene, and isobutylene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 385:37
Tsai YL, Koel BE (1997) Temperature programmed desorption investigation of the adsorption and reaction of butene isomers on Pt(111) and ordered Pt–Sn surface alloys. J Phys Chem B 101:2895
Xu C, Koel BE (1994) Dehydrogenation of cyclohexene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 304:249
Essen JM, Haubrich J, Becker C, Wandelt K (2007) Adsorption of ethene on Pt(111) and ordered PtxSn/Pt(111) surface alloys: a comparative HREELS and DFT investigation. Surf Sci 601:3472
Zhao H, Koel BE (2004) Adsorption and reaction of 1, 3-butadiene on Pt(111) and Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 572:261
Zhao H, Koel BE (2005) Hydrogenation of 1, 3-butadiene on two ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. J Catal 234:24
Peck JW, Koel BE (1996) Selective dehydrogenation of 1,3-cyclohexadiene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. J Am Chem Soc 118:2708
Xu C, Peck JW, Koel BE (1993) A new catalysis for benzene production from acetylene under UHV conditions: Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. J Am Chem Soc 115:751
Pacchioni G, Lambert RM (1994) Cyclization of acetylene over Pd(111): a theoretical study of reaction mechanisms and surface intermediates. Surf Sci 304:208
Baddeley CJ, Tikhov M, Hardacre C, Lomas JR, Lambert RM (1996) Ensemble effects in the coupling of acetylene to benzene on a bimetallic surface: a study with Pd{111}/Au. J Phys Chem B 100:2189
Lee AF, Baddeley CJ, Hardacre C, Moggtridge GD, Ormerod RM, Lambert RM, Candy JP, Basset J-M (1997) Structure-reactivity correlations in the catalytic coupling of ethyne over novel bimetallic Pd/Sn catalysts. J Phys Chem B 101:2797
Panja C, Saliba N, Koel BE (2000) Coking resistance of Pt–Sn alloys probed by acetylene chemisorption. Catal Lett 68:175
Panja C, Saliba N, Koel BE (2001) Acetylene chemisorption on Sn/Pt(100) alloys. J Phys Chem B 105:3786
Peck JW, Mahon DI, Koel BE (1998) A temperature programmed desorption study of the reaction of methylacetylene on Pt(111) and Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 410:200
Koel BE, Blank DA, Carter EA (1998) Thermochemistry of the selective dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene on Pt surfaces. J Mol Catal A: Chem 131:39
Panja C, Saliba N, Koel BE (1998) Adsorption of methanol, ethanol and water on well characterized Pt–Sn surface alloys. Surf Sci 395:248
Peck JW, Mahon DI, Beck DE, Koel BE (1998) TPD study of the adsorption and reaction of nitromethane and methyl nitrite on ordered Pt–Sn surface alloys. Surf Sci 410:170
Peck JW, Beck D, Mahon D, Panja C, Saliba N, Koel BE (1998) Methyl nitrite adsorption as a novel route to the surface methoxy intermediate. J Phys Chem 102:3321
Kim J, Zhao H, Panja C, Olivas A, Koel BE (2004) TPD and HREELS reinvestigation of ethylene oxide adsorption on Pt(111). Surf Sci 564:53
Zhao H, Kim J, Koel BE (2003) Adsorption and reaction of acetaldehyde on Pt(111) and Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys. Surf Sci 538:147
Szanyi J, Anderson S, Paffet MT (1994) n-Butane hydrogenolysis at Sn/Pt (111) surface alloys. J Catal 149:438
Szanyi J, Paffet MT (1995) Di- and trimerization of acetylene over a model Sn/Pt catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 117:1034
Fujikawa T, Ribeiro FH, Somorjai GA (1998) The effect of Sn on the reactions of n-hexane and cyclohexane over polycrystalline Pt foils. J Catal 178:58
Park YK, Ribeiro FH, Somorjai GA (1998) The effect of potassium and tin on the hydrogenation of ethylene and dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over Pt(111). J Catal 178:66
Margitfalvi JL, Tompos A, Kolosova I, Valyon J (1998) Reaction induced improvement in hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde over Sn-Pt/SiO2 catalysts. J Catal 174:246
Marinelli TBLW, Nabuurs S, Ponec VJ (1995) Study of the selectivity in acrolein hydrogenation on platinum catalysts: a model for hydrogenation of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes. J Catal 156:51
Ponec V (1997) On the role of promoters in hydrogenation on metals; alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. Appl Catal 149:27
Jerdev D, Olivas A, Koel BE (2002) Hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde over Sn/Pt(111) alloy model catalysts. J Catal 205:278
Olivas A, Jerdev D, Koel BE (2004) Hydrogenation of cyclohexanone on Pt–Sn surface alloys. J Catal 222:285
Acknowledgments
The author acknowledges support by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0616644.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koel, B.E. (2010). Structure, Characterization and Reactivity of Pt–Sn Surface Alloys. In: Rioux, R. (eds) Model Systems in Catalysis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98049-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98049-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-98041-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-98049-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)