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Spatial coverage and temporal trends of over-water, air-surface exchange, surface and deep sea water mercury measurements

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Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere

Summary

The world's oceans and seas are both sources and sinks of mercury, and although it appears that the atmosphere is the major transport/distribution medium for mercury, because most Hg emissions are to the atmosphere, oceans and seas also play an important role. The transformations of Hg and its compounds which take place in marine water are of crucial importance to the understanding of the way in which mercury released to the atmosphere is eventually incorporated into biota, thereby becoming a risk to human and ecosystem well being. This chapter provides an overview of where and when measurements of atmospheric and aquatic concentrations of mercury and its compounds have been made in the marine environment. These measurements cover – in part obviously – the Pacific, Atlantic, Southern and Arctic oceans, North and Baltic Seas and the Mediterranean,. There are relatively few direct measurements of the air-sea exchange of mercury, however simultaneous measurements of Dissolved Gaseous Hg (DGM) and Hg in air, when combined with measurements of the sea and air temperature and wind speed, can be used to estimate the evasion and deposition fluxes. The magnitude of these fluxes is one of the indispensable parameters in compartmental and atmospheric Hg models. There remains some uncertainty as a result of the, so far, limited spatial and temporal coverage of the measurements.

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    Francesca Sprovieri

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  1. Francesca Sprovieri
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    Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Mason, R., Andersson, M. (2009). Spatial coverage and temporal trends of over-water, air-surface exchange, surface and deep sea water mercury measurements. In: Mason, R., Pirrone, N. (eds) Mercury Fate and Transport in the Global Atmosphere. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93958-2_11

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