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Nodal Staging of Cancer Using Diagnostic Optical Imaging Techniques

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Optical Imaging of Cancer

Abstract

In 2007, approximately 1.5 million Americans were diagnosed with invasive carcinomas (American Cancer Society Cancer Facts & Figures, 2007). For the majority of these patients, their disease was staged using the TNM disease classification approved by the American Joint Committee on Cancer whereby Tumor extent, regional lymph Node involvement, and presence or absence of distant Metastases are determined. Anatomical imaging with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), or ultrasound (US) typically provides a measurement of the size and extent of the locoregional disease while distant metastases in advanced disease are detected through whole-body nuclear bone scanning or positron emission tomography (PET).

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Abbreviations

ALND:

axillary lymph node dissection

BCRL:

breast cancer-related lymphedema

CCD:

charge coupled device

CT:

computed tomography

HER2:

human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

ID:

intradermal

IV:

intravenous

IHC:

immunohistochemistry

H&E:

hematoxylin and eosin

LN:

lymph nodes

MR:

magnetic resonance

NIR:

near-infrared

PET:

positron emission tomography

PLND:

pelvic lymph node dissection

RT-PCR:

reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

SPECT:

single photon emission computed tomography

SLNB:

lymph node biopsy

SLN:

sentinel lymph node

USIPO:

ultrasmall iron oxide particles

US:

and ultrasound

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by R01 CA112679 and R01 CA136404.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Brown Foundation for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Center of Molecular Imaging, 77030, Houston, Texas, USA

    E.M. Sevick-Muraca Ph.D

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  1. E.M. Sevick-Muraca Ph.D
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Correspondence to E.M. Sevick-Muraca Ph.D .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Alabama, Birmingham, 7th Avenue South 1808, Birmingham, 35294-0012, U.S.A.

    Eben Rosenthal

  2. Dept. Radiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 3rd Avenue South 1530, Birmingham, 35294-0012, U.S.A.

    Kurt R. Zinn

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Sevick-Muraca, E. (2010). Nodal Staging of Cancer Using Diagnostic Optical Imaging Techniques. In: Rosenthal, E., Zinn, K. (eds) Optical Imaging of Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93874-5_10

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