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Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine pp 241–275Cite as

Behavioral Medicine’s Roots in Behaviorism: Concepts and Applications

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Abstract

Behaviorism has a key role in the history of behavioral medicine, both through the development of models of biological and behavioral interaction, such as in the foundational work of Neil Miller, and through applied science, such as in the development of behavior therapy which led to much of the work of behavioral medicine in risk reduction and disease management. Focusing on operant psychology, the chapter counters views of behaviorism as looking only at “stimuli and responses” by articulating relationships among complex aspects of past experience and behaviors, emphasizing models of choice and behavioral economics. It extends those models to diverse behavioral medicine challenges, including cigarette smoking and “self-control.” It then describes the development of teleological behaviorism that emphasizes patterns of behavior and the patterns of consequences that influence them. It explores how this teleological perspective may provide new insights regarding obesity and weight loss. It closes with consideration of broad convergence between behavioral and ecological approaches with their shared emphases on contexts and how an ecological behaviorism might guide future work in behavioral medicine and public health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Howard Rachlin

  2. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Leonard Green & Ariana Vanderveldt

  3. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Edwin B. Fisher

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  2. Leonard Green
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  3. Ariana Vanderveldt
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  4. Edwin B. Fisher
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Correspondence to Edwin B. Fisher .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Edwin B. Fisher

  2. Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA

    Linda D. Cameron

  3. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Alan J. Christensen

  4. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Ulrike Ehlert

  5. School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

    Yan Guo

  6. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

    Brian Oldenburg

  7. Departments of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center (AMC) and VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Frank J. Snoek

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Rachlin, H., Green, L., Vanderveldt, A., Fisher, E.B. (2018). Behavioral Medicine’s Roots in Behaviorism: Concepts and Applications. In: Fisher, E., et al. Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_9

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