Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Functional MRI in the Presurgical Epilepsy Evaluation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Part of the book series: Clinical Handbooks in Neuropsychology ((CHNEURO))

Abstract

In the past two decades, functional neuroimaging techniques have revolutionized our understanding of normal brain functioning (Binder, Desai, et al., 2009; D'Esposito, 2000) and contributed to the evaluation and treatment of patients with neurological disorders (Bookheimer, 2007; Detre, 2006; Freilich & Gaillard, 2010). Understanding how and when to use functional localization methods such as fMRI in combination with or as an alternative to more traditional mapping methods such as the intracarotid amobarbital (Wada) test is critical for the clinical treatment of epilepsy surgery candidates. fMRI detects task-correlated or event-related changes in blood flow associated with underlying neuronal activity and is now considered a noninvasive alternative to Wada testing for language (Binder, 2011). Functional MRI provides information not only about lateralization of higher cognitive functions but also localization and outcome prediction allowing epileptologists, neurosurgeons, and patients to make informed decisions prior to undertaking resective surgery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aguirre, G. K., & D'Esposito, M. (1999). Experimental design for brain fMRI. In C. T. W. Moonen & P. A. Bandettini (Eds.), Functional MRI (pp. 369–380). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akanuma, N., Alarcon, G., et al. (2003). Lateralising value of neuropsychological protocols for presurgical assessment of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 44(3), 408–418 [Erratum appears in Epilepsia, 2003, 44(7), 990].

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Asmi, A., Benar, C. G., et al. (2003). fMRI activation in continuous and spike-triggered EEG-fMRI studies of epileptic spikes. Epilepsia, 44(10), 1328–1339.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alsop, D. C., & Detre, J. A. (1998). Multisection cerebral blood flow MR imaging with continuous arterial spin labeling. Radiology, 208, 410–416.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2004). Official position of the division of clinical neuropsychology (APA division 40) on the role of neuropsychologists in clinical use of fMRI: approved by the Division 40 Executive Committee July 28, 2004. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18(3), 349–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, J. S., Briellmann, R. S., et al. (2003). Spike-triggered fMRI in reading epilepsy: Involvement of left frontal cortex working memory area. Neurology, 60(3), 415–421.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avila, C., Barros-Loscertales, A., et al. (2006). Memory lateralization with 2 functional MR imaging tasks in patients with lesions in the temporal lobe. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 27(3), 498–503.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagshaw, A. P., Aghakhani, Y., et al. (2004). EEG-fMRI of focal epileptic spikes: analysis with multiple haemodynamic functions and comparison with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiograms. Human Brain Mapping, 22(3), 179–192.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baudewig, J., Bittermann, H. J., et al. (2001). Simultaneous EEG and functional MRI of epileptic activity: A case report. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(7), 1196–1200.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxendale, S., & Thompson, P. (2005). Defining meaningful postoperative change in epilepsy surgery patients: Measuring the unmeasurable? Epilepsy and Behavior, 6(2), 207–211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxendale, S., & Thompson, P. (2010). Beyond localization: The role of traditional neuropsychological tests in an age of imaging. Epilepsia, 51(11), 2225–2230.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxendale, S., Thompson, P., et al. (2006). Predicting memory decline following epilepsy surgery: A multivariate approach. Epilepsia, 47(11), 1887–1894.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxendale, S. A., van Paesschen, W., et al. (1998). The relationship between quantitative MRI and neuropsychological functioning in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 39(2), 158–166.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, B. D., Davies, K. G., et al. (2000). Confrontation naming after anterior temporal lobectomy is related to age of acquisition of the object names. Neuropsychologia, 38(1), 83–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, B., Lin, J. J., et al. (2011). The neurobiology of cognitive disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(3), 154–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellgowan, P. S., Binder, J. R., et al. (1998). Side of seizure focus predicts left medial temporal lobe activation during verbal encoding. Neurology, 51(2), 479–484.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belliveau, J. W., Kennedy, D. N., et al. (1991). Functional mapping of the human visual cortex by magnetic resonance imaging. Science, 254, 716–719.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benar, C., Aghakhani, Y., et al. (2003). Quality of EEG in simultaneous EEG-fMRI for epilepsy. Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(3), 569–580.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benar, C. G., Gross, D. W., et al. (2002). The BOLD response to interictal epileptiform discharges. NeuroImage, 17(3), 1182–1192.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, R. R., FitzGerald, D. B., et al. (1999). Language dominance determined by whole brain functional MRI in patients with brain lesions. Neurology, 52(4), 798–809.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bettus, G., Bartolomei, F., et al. (2010). Role of resting state functional connectivity MRI in presurgical investigation of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 81(10), 1147–1154.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R. (Ed.). (2009). fMRI of language systems. fMRI techniques and protocols, neuromethods. New York, NY: Humana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R. (2011). Functional MRI is a valid noninvasive alternative to Wada testing. Epilepsy and Behavior, 20(2), 214–222.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Bellgowan, P. S. F., et al. (2005). A comparison of two FMRI protocols for eliciting hippocampal activation. Epilepsia, 46(7), 1061–1070.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Desai, R. H., et al. (2009). Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies. Cerebral Cortex, 19(12), 2767–2796.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Frost, J. A., et al. (1996). Function of the left planum temporale in auditory and linguistic processing. Brain, 119(Pt 4), 1239–1247.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Frost, J. A., et al. (1997). Human brain language areas identified by functional MRI. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(1), 353–362.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Frost, J. A., et al. (1999). Conceptual processing during the conscious resting state. A functional MRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11(1), 80–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Gross, W. L., et al. (2010). Mapping anterior temporal lobe language areas with fMRI: A multicenter normative study. NeuroImage, 54(2), 1465–1475.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Hammeke, T. A., et al. (2001). Reliability and validity of language dominance assessment with functional MRI. Neurology, 56(Suppl A), 158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Sabsevitz, D. S., et al. (2008). Use of preoperative functional MRI to predict verbal memory decline after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia, 49(8), 1377–1394.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Swanson, S. J., et al. (1996). Determination of language dominance using functional MRI: A comparison with the Wada test. Neurology, 46(4), 978–984.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Swanson, S. J., et al. (2008). A comparison of five fMRI protocols for mapping speech comprehension systems. Epilepsia, 49(12), 1980–1997.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Swanson, S. J., et al. (2010). A comparison of two fMRI methods for predicting verbal memory decline after left temporal lobectomy: Language lateralization versus hippocampal activation asymmetry. Epilepsia, 51(4), 618–626.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bobholz, J. A., Rao, S. M., et al. (2007). Clinical use of functional magnetic resonance imaging: reflections on the new CPT codes. Neuropsychology Review, 17(2), 189–191.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonelli, S. B., Powell, R. H. W., et al. (2010). Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Predicting the effects of temporal lobe resection. Brain, 133(Pt 4), 1186–1199.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bookheimer, S. Y. (1996). Functional MRI applications in clinical epilepsy. NeuroImage, 4(3 Pt 3), S139–S146.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bookheimer, S. (2007). Pre-surgical language mapping with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychology Review, 17(2), 145–155.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, R. L., & Braver, T. S. (1999). Event-related functional MRI. In C. T. W. Moonen & P. A. Bandettini (Eds.), Functional MRI (pp. 441–452). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buschke, H. (1973). Selective reminding for analysis of memory and learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 12, 543–550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buschke, H., & Fuld, P. A. (1974). Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology, 24(11), 1019–1025.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chelune, G. J. (1995). Hippocampal adequacy versus functional reserve: Predicting memory functions following temporal lobectomy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 10(5), 413–432.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chelune, G. J., Naugle, R. I., et al. (1991). Prediction of cognitive change as a function of preoperative ability status among temporal lobectomy patients seen at 6-month follow-up. Neurology, 41(3), 399–404.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, K. G., Bell, B. D., et al. (1998). Prediction of verbal memory loss in individuals after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia, 39(8), 820–828.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Pasquale, F., Della Penna, S., et al. (2010). Temporal dynamics of spontaneous MEG activity in brain networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(13), 6040–6045.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., et al. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test – Second edition. Adult version. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Démonet, J.-F., Chollet, F., et al. (1992). The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain, 115, 1753–1768.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desmond, J. E., & Glover, G. H. (2002). Estimating sample size in functional MRI (fMRI) neuroimaging studies: Statistical power analyses. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 118, 115–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D'Esposito, M. (2000). Functional neuroimaging of cognition. Seminars in Neurology, 20(4), 487–498.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detre, J. A. (2004). fMRI: Applications in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 45(Suppl 4), 26–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detre, J. A. (2006). Clinical applicability of functional MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 23(6), 808–815.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detre, J. A., Maccotta, L., et al. (1998). Functional MRI lateralization of memory in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology, 50(4), 926–932.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detre, J. A., Sirven, J. I., et al. (1995). Localization of subclinical ictal activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging: Correlation with invasive monitoring. Annals of Neurology, 38(4), 618–624.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dulay, M. F., Levin, H. S., et al. (2009). Changes in individual and group spatial and verbal learning characteristics after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia, 50(6), 1385–1395.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischl, B., Sereno, M. I., et al. (1999). High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface. Human Brain Mapping, 8, 272–284.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Forman, S. D., Cohen, J. D., et al. (1995). Improved assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): Use of a cluster-size threshold. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 33(5), 636–647.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007). Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 700–711.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freilich, E. R., & Gaillard, W. D. (2010). Utility of functional MRI in pediatric neurology. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 10(1), 40–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaillard, W. D., Balsamo, L., et al. (2004). fMRI language task panel improves determination of language dominance. Neurology, 63(8), 1403–1408.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golby, A. J., Poldrack, R. A., et al. (2002). Memory lateralization in medial temporal lobe epilepsy assessed by functional MRI. Epilepsia, 43(8), 855–863.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. A., Haggard, M. P., et al. (1999). Sparse temporal sampling in auditory fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 7, 213–223.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamberger, M. J., McClelland, S., 3rd, et al. (2007). Distribution of auditory and visual naming sites in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy patients and patients with space-occupying temporal lobe lesions. Epilepsia, 48(3), 531–538.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammeke, T. A., Bellgowan, P. S., et al. (2000). fMRI: Methodology–cognitive function mapping. Advances in Neurology, 83, 221–233.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammeke, T. A., Kortenkamp, S. J., et al. (2005). Normative data on 372 stimuli for descriptive naming. Epilepsy Research, 66(1–3), 45–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, B. P., Perrine, K., et al. (1999). Visual confrontation naming following left anterior temporal lobectomy: A comparison of surgical approaches. Neuropsychology, 13(1), 3–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, B. P., Wyler, A. R., et al. (1992). Pathological status of the mesial temporal lobe predicts memory outcome from left anterior temporal lobectomy. Neurosurgery, 31(4), 652–656. discussion 656–657.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, B. P., Wyler, A. R., et al. (1994a). Dysnomia after left anterior temporal lobectomy without functional mapping: Frequency and correlates. Neurosurgery, 35(1), 52–56. discussion 56–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, B. P., Wyler, A. R., et al. (1994b). Declarative memory following anterior temporal lobectomy in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108(1), 3–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huettel, S. A., & McCarthy, G. (2001). The effects of single-trial averaging upon the spatial extent of fMRI activation. Neuroreport, 12, 2411–2416.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, C., Liebenthal, E., et al. (2010). Tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex. NeuroImage, 50(3), 1202–1211.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jager, L., Werhahn, K. J., et al. (2002). Focal epileptiform activity in the brain: Detection with spike-related functional MR imaging–preliminary results. Radiology, 223(3), 860–869.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jezzard, P., & Balaban, R. S. (1995). Correction for geometric distortion in echo planar images from B0-field variations. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 34, 65–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnstone, T., Ores Walsh, K. S., et al. (2006). Motion correction and the use of motion covariates in multiple-subject fMRI analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 27(10), 779–788.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jokeit, H., Okujava, M., et al. (2001). Memory fMRI lateralizes temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology, 57(10), 1786–1793.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones-Gotman, M. (1991). Localization of lesions by neuropsychological testing. Epilepsia, 32(Suppl 5), S41–S52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones-Gotman, M., Smith, M. L., et al. (2010). The contribution of neuropsychology to diagnostic assessment in epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 18(1–2), 3–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., et al. (2001). The Boston Naming Test (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Killgore, W. D., Glosser, G., et al. (1999). Functional MRI and the Wada test provide complementary information for predicting post-operative seizure control. Seizure, 8(8), 450–455.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, A., Andersson, J., et al. (2009). Evaluation of 14 nonlinear deformation algorithms applied to human brain MRI registration. NeuroImage, 46(3), 786–802.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koylu, B., Trinka, E., et al. (2006). Neural correlates of verbal semantic memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 72(2–3), 178–191.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krakow, K., Woermann, F. G., et al. (1999). EEG-triggered functional MRI of interictal epileptiform activity in patients with partial seizures. Brain, 122(Pt 9), 1679–1688.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Labudda, K., Mertens, M., et al. (2010). Presurgical language fMRI activation correlates with postsurgical verbal memory decline in left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 92(2–3), 258–261.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langfitt, J. T., & Rausch, R. (1996). Word-finding deficits persist after left anterotemporal lobectomy. Archives of Neurology, 53(1), 72–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, E. R., Hammeke, T. A., et al. (2004). Comparison of receptive and expressive language fMRI activation and Wada language lateralization. Epilepsia, 45, 175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazeyras, F., Blanke, O., et al. (2000). EEG-triggered functional MRI in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 12(1), 177–185.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehericy, S., Cohen, L., et al. (2000). Functional MR evaluation of temporal and frontal language dominance compared with the Wada test. Neurology, 54(8), 1625–1633.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, L., Krakow, K., et al. (2001). Comparison of spike-triggered functional MRI BOLD activation and EEG dipole model localization. NeuroImage, 14(5), 1097–1104.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leunen, D., Caroff, X., et al. (2009). Verbal and spatial learning after temporal lobe excisions in children: An adaptation of the Grober and Buschke procedure. Epilepsy and Behavior, 16(3), 534–538.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lineweaver, T. T., Morris, H. H., et al. (2006). Evaluating the contributions of state-of-the-art assessment techniques to predicting memory outcome after unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia, 47(11), 1895–1903.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z., Fukunaga, M., et al. (2010). Large-scale spontaneous fluctuations and correlations in brain electrical activity observed with magnetoencephalography. NeuroImage, 51(1), 102–111.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. C., Sawrie, S. M., et al. (1998). Individual memory change after anterior temporal lobectomy: A base rate analysis using regression-based outcome methodology. Epilepsia, 39(10), 1075–1082.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKiernan, K. A., D'Angelo, B. R., et al. (2006). Interrupting the "stream of consciousness": An fMRI investigation. NeuroImage, 29(4), 1185–1191.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKiernan, K. A., Kaufman, J. N., et al. (2003). A parametric manipulation of factors affecting task-induced deactivation in functional neuroimaging. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15(3), 394–408.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merboldt, K. D., Finterbusch, J., et al. (2000). Reducing inhomogeneity artifacts in functional MRI of human brain activation: Thin sections vs. gradient compensation. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 145, 184–191.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morawetz, C., Holz, P., et al. (2008). Improved functional mapping of the human amygdala using a standard functional magnetic resonance imaging sequence with simple modifications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 26, 45–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, V. L., Dawant, B. M., et al. (2007). Comparison of fMRI statistical software packages and strategies for analysis of images containing random and stimulus-correlated motion. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 31(6), 436–446.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moser, D. J., Bauer, R. M., et al. (2000). Electroencephalographic, volumetric, and neuropsychological indicators of seizure focus lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Archives of Neurology, 57(5), 707–712.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naugle, R. I., Chelune, G. J., et al. (1993). Detection of changes in material-specific memory following temporal lobectomy using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8(5), 381–395.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, D. C., Stenger, V. A., et al. (1999). Spiral scanning in fMRI. In C. T. W. Moonen & P. A. Bandettini (Eds.), Functional MRI (pp. 149–160). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., et al. (1990). Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87, 9868–9872.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ojemann, J. G., Akbudak, E., et al. (1997). Anatomic localization and quantitative analysis of gradient refocused echo-planar fMRI susceptibility artifacts. NeuroImage, 6, 156–167.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oldfield, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 97–113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, M. R., Blum, A., et al. (1999). Echo-planar functional MR imaging of epilepsy with concurrent EEG monitoring. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 20(10), 1916–1919.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, H. W. R., & Duncan, J. S. (2005). Functional magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of language and memory in clinical practice. Current Opinion in Neurology, 18(2), 161–166.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, H. W. R., Koepp, M. J., et al. (2004). The application of functional MRI of memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: A clinical review. Epilepsia, 45(7), 855–863.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, H. W. R., Richardson, M. P., et al. (2007). Reorganization of verbal and nonverbal memory in temporal lobe epilepsy due to unilateral hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia, 48(8), 1512–1525.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, H. W. R., Richardson, M. P., et al. (2008). Preoperative fMRI predicts memory decline following anterior temporal lobe resection. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 79(6), 686–693.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rabin, M. L., Narayan, V. M., et al. (2004). Functional MRI predicts post-surgical memory following temporal lobectomy. Brain, 127(Pt 10), 2286–2298.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, M. P., Strange, B. A., et al. (2004). Pre-operative verbal memory fMRI predicts post-operative memory decline after left temporal lobe resection. Brain, 127(Pt 11), 2419–2426.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, M. P., Strange, B. A., et al. (2006). Memory fMRI in left hippocampal sclerosis: Optimizing the approach to predicting postsurgical memory. Neurology, 66(5), 699–705.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roland, P. E., Eriksson, L., et al. (1987). Does mental navigation along memorized routes activate the hippocampus, precuneus, and insula. Journal of Neuroscience, 7, 2373–2389.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sabsevitz, D. S., Swanson, S. J., et al. (2001). Memory outcome after left anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with expected and reversed Wada memory asymmetry scores. Epilepsia, 42(11), 1408–1415.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sabsevitz, D. S., Swanson, S. J., et al. (2003). Use of preoperative functional neuroimaging to predict language deficits from epilepsy surgery. Neurology, 60(11), 1788–1792.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, M. (1996). Rey Auditory and Verbal Learning Test: A handbook. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeck, M., Michel, C. M., et al. (2001). EEG mapping and functional MRI in presurgical epilepsy evaluation. Revue Neurologique (Paris), 157(8–9 Pt 1), 747–751.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidenberg, M., Hermann, B. P., et al. (1996). Hippocampal sclerosis and verbal encoding ability following anterior temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychologia, 34(7), 699–708.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. M., Fox, P. T., et al. (2009). Correspondence of the brain's functional architecture during activation and rest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(31), 13040–13045.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Springer, J. A., Binder, J. R., et al. (1999). Language dominance in neurologically normal and epilepsy subjects: A functional MRI study.[see comment]. Brain, 122(Pt 11), 2033–2046.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stafiniak, P., Saykin, A. J., et al. (1990). Acute naming deficits following dominant temporal lobectomy: Prediction by age at 1st risk for seizures. Neurology, 40(10), 1509–1512.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, C. E., & Squire, L. R. (2001). When zero is not zero: The problem of ambiguous baseline conditions in fMRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(22), 12760–12766.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stroup, E., Langfitt, J., et al. (2003). Predicting verbal memory decline following anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Neurology, 60(8), 1266–1273.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, S. J. (2006). Neuropsychological testing is of limited value for predicting the epileptogenic zone. In J. M. D. Silbergeld (Ed.), Controversies in epilepsy surgery (pp. 215–220). New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, S. J., Sabsevitz, D. S., et al. (2007). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of language in epilepsy. Neuropsychology Review, 17(4), 491–504.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Symms, M. R., Allen, P. J., et al. (1999). Reproducible localization of interictal epileptiform discharges using EEG-triggered fMRI. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 44(7), N161–N168.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szaflarski, J. P., Holland, S. K., et al. (2004). High-resolution functional MRI at 3T in healthy and epilepsy subjects: Hippocampal activation with picture encoding task. Epilepsy and Behavior, 5(2), 244–252.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, R., Laufs, H., et al. (2010). EEG correlated functional MRI and postoperative outcome in focal epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 81(8), 922–927.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trenerry, M. R., Jack, C. R., Jr., et al. (1993). MRI hippocampal volumes and memory function before and after temporal lobectomy. Neurology, 43(9), 1800–1805.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vannest, J., Szaflarski, J. P., et al. (2008). Medial temporal fMRI activation reflects memory lateralization and memory performance in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 12(3), 410–418.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voyvodic, J. T. (2006). Activation mapping as a percentage of local excitation: fMRI stability within scans, between scans and across field strengths. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 24, 1249–1261.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vulliemoz, S., Lemieux, L., et al. (2010). The combination of EEG source imaging and EEG-correlated functional MRI to map epileptic networks. Epilepsia, 51(4), 491–505.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warach, S., Ives, J. R., et al. (1996). EEG-triggered echo-planar functional MRI in epilepsy. Neurology, 47(1), 89–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, B., Wellmer, J., et al. (2006). Presurgical language fMRI in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: Effects of task performance. Epilepsia, 47(5), 880–886.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wendel, J. D., Trenerry, M. R., et al. (2001). The relationship between quantitative T2 relaxometry and memory in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 42(7), 863–868.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    Sara J. Swanson Ph.D., A.B.P.P., Jeffrey R. Binder M.D. & Manoj Raghavan M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Matthew Euler Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Sara J. Swanson Ph.D., A.B.P.P.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jeffrey R. Binder M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manoj Raghavan M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Matthew Euler Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sara J. Swanson Ph.D., A.B.P.P. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    William B. Barr

  2. Dept. Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Chris Morrison

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Swanson, S.J., Binder, J.R., Raghavan, M., Euler, M. (2015). Functional MRI in the Presurgical Epilepsy Evaluation. In: Barr, W., Morrison, C. (eds) Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy. Clinical Handbooks in Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92826-5_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation