Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome is a potentially life-threatening complication of cancer treatment in patients with extensive, rapidly growing, chemosensitive malignancies. Tumor lysis syndrome results from the rapid destruction of malignant cells, which abruptly release intracellular ions, proteins, and metabolites into the extracellular space [1]. Potassium, calcium, phosphates, and uric acid, which are present in high concentrations within malignant cells, pour into the extracellular space. The result is a constellation of metabolic disturbances that can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), of which the most common mechanism is uric-acid crystal formation in the renal tubules. Another cause of AKI is calcium-phosphate deposition related to hyperphosphatemia. AKI may, in itself, cause substantial morbidity and mortality [2]. In addition, AKI leads to further increases in the above-listed metabolites, most notably potassium and phosphate, which may lead to cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death [3, 4].
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Darmon, M., Roumier, M., Azoulay, E. (2009). Acute Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_75
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