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The Use of a Cognitive Behavioral Program for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

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Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition

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Abstract

The number of people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is rapidly increasing. To a large extent, this increase is due to lifestyle-dependent risk factors, such as overweight, reduced physical activity, and an unhealthy diet. Changing these risk factors has the potential to postpone or prevent the development of CVD and T2DM. Numerous lifestyle programs are described in the literature, and many interventions are based on a cognitive behavioral approach. Cognitive behavioral programs vary in many aspects: they differ in content, setting, instruments of change, target population, theoretical background, outcome measures, and effectiveness. This qualitative “review of reviews” provides an overview of programs with a cognitive behavioral approach to reduce the risk of CVD and T2DM by modifying dietary behavior, physical activity, or both. It also provides a description of the theories and instruments of change that are used in various programs. The effectiveness of such programs reported in the literature is very mixed. Generating a long-lasting change in lifestyle behavior is shown to be difficult and complicated. Extensive programs that have a multiple risk factor approach and include long-term follow-up booster sessions appear to work best. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral programs is greater for participants who have a high risk of developing CVD or T2DM than for participants with a lower risk. It is suggested that interventions might be more successful if they target specific theory-based determinants. Additionally, certain requirements seem to be necessary for the participants in order to enable them to achieve a successful behavioral change: they need to be aware, motivated, and able to change. To address these requirements, specific “instruments of change” might be of use, e.g. risk communication, motivational interviewing and/or problem-solving treatment.

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Abbreviations

CBP:

Cognitive behavior program

CVD:

Cardiovascular diseases

MI:

Motivational interviewing

PST:

Problem-solving treatment

RCT:

Randomized, controlled trial

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

TPB:

Theory of planned behavior

TTM:

Transtheoretical model

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Practice and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jeroen Lakerveld

Authors
  1. Jeroen Lakerveld
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  2. Sandra D. M. Bot
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  3. Giel Nijpels
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeroen Lakerveld .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Room 4335, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

  3. University of the West of Scotland, Ayr Campus, Ayr, KA8 0SR, United Kingdom

    Colin R. Martin

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Lakerveld, J., Bot, S.D.M., Nijpels, G. (2011). The Use of a Cognitive Behavioral Program for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. In: Preedy, V., Watson, R., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_210

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_210

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