Abstract
People drink alcohol for many reasons and in many contexts. The reasons for drinking can be categorised in several ways, including physiological and familial perspectives, and can be influenced by various factors, including social pressure and marketing of the product. Estimates of drinkers in the population are extremely variable, in one study alone ranging from 92% to 6%, but the variation included differences across countries, gender, and other sample characteristics (Gmel et al. 2006). The variability associated with estimates may be at least somewhat related to the difficulty in defining a ‘drinker’; is someone who consumes a few glasses per year at social functions such as weddings to be included for instance? In many countries over half the population are drinkers, at least some of the time (Breslow and Graubard 2008; Gmel et al. 2006). In a US-wide study of over 20,000 drinkers, 26% of men and 20% of women admitted to drinking daily (Breslow and Graubard 2008).
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- 1.
1 According to trait theory in Psychology, traits are relatively stable over time and although differ amongst individuals, are not influenced by external factors nearly as much as are ‘states’.
Abbreviations
- GAD:
-
Generalised anxiety disorder
- PANAS:
-
Positive affect negative affect schedule
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Moran, C.C., Saliba, A.J. (2011). Anxiety and Self Medication with Alcohol. In: Preedy, V., Watson, R., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_190
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