Abstract
Ultra-thin layers of hydroxylated oxide (passive films) grown on metals and alloys in aqueous environments provide the surface property of self-protection against corrosion. Passivation is a key to our metal-based civilization and to its sustainable development. Passive films in many cases do not exceed a few nanometers in thickness and effectively isolate the metal (or alloy) substrate from the corrosive environment. However, they are sensitive to breakdown eventually leading to accelerated dissolution of the substrate at localized sites (i.e., pitting) with major impact in practical applications and on economics.
Despite a considerable amount of research on localized corrosion, the complete understanding of passivity breakdown and pit initiation and in particular the reason for its local occurrence remain a vexing problem in corrosion and electrochemical science that must be addressed at the nanoscopic scale. Moreover, the increasing development of materials with nanoscale architecture and including metallic components requires a detailed understanding and nanoscale control of corrosion processes to guarantee their durability.
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Maurice, V., Marcus, P. (2009). Structure, Passivation and Localized Corrosion of Metal Surfaces. In: Pyun, SI., Lee, JW. (eds) Progress in Corrosion Science and Engineering I. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, vol 46. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92263-8_1
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