In recent years, the surgical insult has been described, measured, and quantified with inflammatory mediators such as interleukins and other chemokines [1–3]. The “two-hit” theory for trauma patients indicates that the likelihood of developing post-traumatic complications is increased if several adverse impacts such as hemorrhage, infection, or surgery occur sequentially.
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Giannoudis, P.V., Tzioupis, C.C., Pape, HC. (2010). Pelvic Fractures in Polytrauma Patients. In: Pape, HC., Peitzman, A., Schwab, C.W., Giannoudis, P.V. (eds) Damage Control Management in the Polytrauma Patient. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89508-6_17
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