Abstract
The emergence of optical communication in the 1970’s led to a search for a means to produce “waveguide quality silica”. Such silica is characterized by having extremely low loss resulting from the lack of a combination of optical absorption (Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, OH- contamination) and scattering (striations, bubbles, etc) as well as freedom from insoluble refractory oxide particles which induce low stress mechanical breaks in fiber. Vapor deposition techniques (OVD [1], MCVD [2], VAD [3]) were the early winners but the glass produced was expensive. So there ensued a search for other processing means. These included “double crucible” melts [4], microporous cylinders made by leaching of phase separated cast glass bodies [5], mechanical compaction [6], centrifugation [7] and sol-gel [8, 9]. Of these, only colloidal-gel bodies reached the stage of commercialization [10] and that after some time. However, there exists the belief that the processes initially developed for the most demanding application will find wider use in the future.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D.B. Keck, P.C. Schultz, F. Zimar. Method of Forming Optical Waveguide Fibers, U.S. Patent No. 3737292 (1972)
J.B. MacChesney, P.G. O’Connor, F.V. Marcello, J.R. Simpson, P.D. Lazay. Preparation of Low-Loss Optical Fibers using Simultaneous Vapor-Phase Deposition and Fusion, in: Proc. 10th Int. Cong. On Glass Kyoto Japan, 6, (1974)
T. Izawa, N. Inagaki, Materials Technology of Optical Fibers, Mat. Sci. and Tech., 19, (1990)
K.J. Beals, C.R. Day, A Review of Glass Fibers for Optical Communications, Phys. Chem. Glass, 21, 5 (1980)
C.B. Bamford, D.G. Loukos, Development of Molecular Stuffing Process, Glass Tech., 20, 166 (1979)
K. Yoshida, T. Satoh, N. Enomoto, T. Yagi, H. Hihara, M. Oku, Fabrication of Large Preforms for Low Loss Single Mode Optical Fibers by Hybridized Process, Glastech Bericht (1996)
P.K. Bachmann, P. Geittner, H. Lydtin, Romanowski, M. Thelen, Preparation of quartz tubes by centrifugal deposition of silica particles, ECOC, Brighton (1988).
S. Sakka, K. Kamiya, I. Yananaka, Non-crystalline Solids of TiO2-SiO2 and Al2O3-SiO2 Systems Formed from Alkoxides, in: Proc. 10th Int. Cong Glass, 13, 44 (1974)
R. Clasen, Preparation of High-Purity Silica Glasses by Sintering of Colloidal Prticles, Glastech. Ber., 60, 125 (1987)
J.B. MacChesney, D.W. Johnson Jr., S.D. Bhandarkar, M.P. Bohrer, J.W. Fleming, E.M. Monberg, D.J. Trevor, Optical Fibers by a Hybrid Process Using Sol-Gel Silica Overcladding Tubes, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 226, 232 (1998)
I. Mori, M. Toki, M. M. Ikejiri, M. Takei, M. Aoki, S. Uchiyama, S. Kanbe, Silica Glass, Tubes by New Sol-Gel Methods, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 100, 523 (1988)
J. Livage, this volume, chapter 1.1.1
E.A. Chandross, D.W. Johnson Jr., J.B. MacChesney, Vitreous Silica Product via Sol-Gel Using Polymeric Additive, US Patent 5,379,364 (1995)
Stockert, T. F., unpublished data.
H.L. Chandan, R.D. Parker, D. Kalish, in: Fractography in Optical Fibers in Fractography of Glass, R.C. Brat, R.E. Tressler (eds), Plenum, 143 (1994)
S.D. Bhandarkar, H.L. Chandan, D.W. Johnson Jr., J.B. MacChesney, US Patent 5,344,475, (1994), S.D. Bhandarkar, US Patent 3,356,447 (1994)
J.B. MacChesney, D.W. Johnson Jr., P.J. Lemairc, L.G. Cohen, E.M. Rabinovich, Fluorosilicate Substrate Tubes to Eliminate Leaky-Mode Losses in MCVD Single-Mode Fibers with Depressed-index Cladding, in: Proceedings 1985 Optical Fiber Conf., San Diego, Pa 98 (1985)
S. Shibata, T. Kitagawa, M. Horiguch, Wholly Synthesized Fluorine Doped Optical Fibers by the Sol-Gel Method, J. Non-Cryst. Sol, 100, 269 (1988)
E.M. Rabinovich, D.W. Johnson Jr., A. Mishkevish, E.A. Chandross, J. Thomson, paper GMB-012 at Am. Ceram. Soc. Fall Meeting of Glass and Optical Materials Division, Ceram. Bull., 76, 130 (1997)
R. Clasen, Herstellung sehr reiner Kieselglase durch Sintern submikroskopischer Glasteilchen, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany (1990)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
MacChesney, J.B., Johnson, D.W. (2004). Monolithic Silica Glass Cylinders for Optical Fiber. In: Aegerter, M.A., Mennig, M. (eds) Sol-Gel Technologies for Glass Producers and Users. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88953-5_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88953-5_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5455-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-88953-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive