Abstract
The country of Turkey is located in the southeastern region of Europe and the southwestern region of Asia, with two of its coasts resting along the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Although the majority of the country resides within the Asian continent, a small proportion of it is located in European territory, near Greece and Bulgaria. The official and formal name of Turkey is the Republic of Turkey. The land that constitutes Turkey is one of the more earthquake-prone regions in the world. Approximately, there are over 71.8 million people residing within the country, in which 80% of the population is Turkish and an estimated 20% is Kurdish or some other ethnic origin. The official language of the country is Turkish, yet Kurdish, Zaza, Arabic, Armenian, and Greek are also frequently used.
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Notes
- 1.
Encyclopedia Britannica online. Turkey. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9111078/Turkey.
- 2.
Kinzer (2001); Mango (2004, 2005); US Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook – Turkey. https://http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html.
- 3.
Information Please Database, Turkey. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108054.html.
- 4.
Tignor et al. (2002, pp. 380–381).
- 5.
UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unficyp/.
- 6.
Karmon (1998).
- 7.
Zurcher (2004, p. 277).
- 8.
McGregor (2007).
- 9.
CIA World Factbook, https://http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html.
- 10.
Library of Congress, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+tr0112).
- 11.
FAS: Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA); Orly Group; 3rd October Organization, http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/asala.htm.
- 12.
FAS: Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C); Devrimci Sol (Revolutionary Left); Dev Sol, http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/dev_sol.htm.
- 13.
FAS: The Kurds in Turkey. http://www.fas.org/asmp/profiles/turkey_background_kurds.htm.
- 14.
FAS: PKK. http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/pkk.htm.
- 15.
Human Rights Watch: Turkey: Condemn threats on human rights defenders. http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/04/20/turkey10516.htm.
- 16.
Van Bruinessen (1996).
- 17.
MIPT – Memorial Institute for the Prevention of terrorism. http://www.mipt.org/.
- 18.
Jenkins (2008); Wilkinson (2005).
- 19.
Library of Congress: Turkey – Police system. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+tr0113).
- 20.
Rheinheimer (n.d.); Alliance for Liberals and Democrats in Europe: JITEM – Jandarma Istihbarat ve Terorle Mucadele. http://www.organisedcrime.info/index.php?mode=11&id=94.
- 21.
Library of Congress: Turkey – Gendarmerie. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+tr0114).
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Haberfeld, M.R., King, J.F., Lieberman, C.A. (2009). Republic of Turkey (Turkiye Cumhuriyeti) . In: Terrorism Within Comparative International Context. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88861-3_8
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