Abstract
Allan N. Schore was born in Manhattan, New York, on February 20, 1943. His father was a chemical engineer and his mother was described as a gifted stay-at-home mom. A sister was born 4 years later. Schore’s earliest recollections were of his intense curiosity about scientific matters. He recalls that his curiosity led him to write on the subject even in English classes in elementary school. His father’s interests and career inspired him and continued to influence him throughout his life. In his account of his early experiences, he emphasized that complementary to that thread was his parents’ capacity for empathy and the overt expression of feelings. These two parallel influences brought together the realms of science and emotion and left deep imprints on him. Graduating from high school in 1960, Schore chose to attend the University of Rochester as a college primarily because he wanted the ambience of a small university. While at Rochester, he met his wife Judy, who became a lifelong companion and stalwart supporter of his work through the years. He became interested in psychology late during his studies at Rochester and eventually majored in psychology, with minors in English and Chemistry. For his graduate studies, which began in 1965, he chose the University of Pittsburgh. The program there was dominated by courses in cognitive psychology, in contrast to most other psychology programs that embraced behaviorism as the dominant paradigm. Even then, his broad interests in psychological matters led him to take courses on physiological psychology and other related topics. This interest represented an early effort at integrating the psychological and biological domains. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1970, having written his dissertation on the topic of The Effect of Various Cognitive Sets on Cognitive Tasks.
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Notes
- 1.
Nondeclarative memory consists of procedural memory, priming, associative, and nonassociative learning. Procedural memory is the storage area of nonconscious memories such as motor skills and associations. Memories are inflexibly stored in a manner related to the context in which the person first acquired them. Priming assists retrieval when a partial stimulus serves to elicit the entire memory of an event. Associative learning is conditioned or operant learning. Nonassociative learning manifests itself primarily in reflexes, such as knee jerk reaction. Declarative memory consists of episodic memory and semantic memory. For the most part, declarative memory is conscious memory, that is, experiences and the information it acquires are processed explicitly. Episodic memory is tied to specific moments in one’s life. It refers to the memory of things personally experienced, as opposed to the knowledge of facts one has learned. Semantic memory is memory for facts; it is our dictionary memory. Since at birth, the infant hippocampus, the organ responsible for the formation of declarative memories is underdeveloped, the infant’s experiences are initially stored in nondeclarative memory. Working memory is a short-term memory buffer that retains auditory inputs and/or visual images. A “central executive” organizes the contents of working memory. The central executive is the mechanism that directs attention toward one stimulus or another and determines which items are stored in working memory.
- 2.
The idea that attachment functions primarily as a regulatory process was first introduced by Sroufe (1995).
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Major Works
Schore, A. N. (1994). Affect regulation and the origin of the self: The neurobiology of emotional development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
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Schore, A. N. (2003). Affect regulations and the repair of the self. New York: W. W. Norton.
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Supplementary Readings.
Bradley, S. J. (2000). Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press.
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Siegel, D. J. (1999). The developing mind: Toward a neurobiology of interpersonal experience. New York: Guilford Press.
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Palombo, J., Koch, B.J., Bendicsen, H.K. (2009). Allen N. Schore (1943–). In: Guide to Psychoanalytic Developmental Theories. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88455-4_17
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