Abstract
All bias analyses modify a conventional estimate of association to account for bias introduced by systematic error. These quantitative modifications revise the conventional estimate of association (e.g., a risk difference or a rate ratio) with equations that adjust it for the estimated impact of the systematic error. These equations have parameters, called bias parameters, that ultimately determine the direction and magnitude of the adjustment. For example:
-
The proportions of all eligible subjects who participate in a study, simultaneously stratified into subgroups of persons with and without the disease outcome and within categories of the exposure variable of interest, are bias parameters. These parameters determine the direction and magnitude of selection bias.
-
The sensitivity and specificity of exposure classification, within subgroups of persons with and without the disease outcome of interest, are bias parameters that affect the direction and magnitude of bias introduced by exposure misclassification.
-
The strength of association between an unmeasured confounder and the exposure of interest and between the unmeasured confounder and the disease outcome of interest are bias parameters that affect the direction and magnitude of bias introduced by an unmeasured confounder.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lash, T.L., Fink, A.K., Fox, M.P. (2009). Data Sources for Bias Analysis. In: Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data. Statistics for Biology and Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-87959-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-87959-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-87960-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-87959-8
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)