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Caveolae and Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells

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Book cover Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Abstract

Caveolae exist in most cell types (with certain exceptions, e.g., erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and neurons) and are particularly abundant in endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of blood vessels. It is clear that the major plasmalemma vesicle structure in ECs and SMCs is caveolae as opposed to clathrin-coated vesicles. The number of caveolae is high in continuous endothelium (e.g., 73 caveolae per square micrometer in ECs of intramuscular capillaries) and low in fenestrated or discontinuous endothelium. Caveolae have a lipid composition similar to that of membrane rafts, but in addition, they possess other proteins, including the organelle-specific structural protein caveolin and the more recently identified cavin. Caveolae appear to represent a specialized form of membrane raft domain, where caveolin-1, glycosphingolipids, and cholesterol are preferentially concentrated. Instead of assembling these structures in the plasma membrane, cells may in fact build caveolae in the Golgi apparatus and then send them to the plasma membrane proper, where they are incorporated, a process involving Na/K-ATPase. This chapter describes the structure and function of caveolae and caveolin proteins and their interaction with membrane receptors, transporters and signaling proteins that are related to the pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary hypertension.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen

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  1. Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen
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  2. Richard D. Minshall
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  3. Asrar B. Malik
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Correspondence to Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen .

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  1. Departments of Medicine, COMRB Rm. 3131 (MC 719), University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, USA

    Jason X. -J. Yuan

  2. 310 Admin.Office Building (MC 672), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1737 W. Polk Street, Suite 310, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, USA

    Joe G.N. Garcia

  3. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093-0623, California, USA

    John B. West

  4. Dept. Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Charles A. Hales

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    Stuart Rich

  6. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    Stephen L. Archer

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van Nieuw Amerongen, G.P., Minshall, R.D., Malik, A.B. (2011). Caveolae and Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. In: Yuan, JJ., Garcia, J., West, J., Hales, C., Rich, S., Archer, S. (eds) Textbook of Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-87429-6_16

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