Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Aortic Surgery pp 349–378Cite as

Comprehensive Management of Patients with Traumatic Aortic Injury

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 3141 Accesses

Abstract

Thoracic aortic trauma frequently occurs in the setting of chest trauma. As such, victims of aortic trauma may have multiple life-threatening thoracic injuries involving the chest wall, trachea, bronchus, lungs, pleura, heart, diaphragm, esophagus, and great vessels (Table 16.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  1. Besson A, Saegesser F. Color Atlas of Chest Trauma and Associated Injuries. Oradell: Medical Economics Books; 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Duwayri Y, Abbas J, Cerilli G, Chan E, Nazzal M. Outcome after thoracic aortic injury: experience in a level-1 trauma center. Ann Vasc Surg. 2008;22(3):309–313.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Richens D, Kotidis K, Neale M, Oakley C, Fails A. Rupture of aorta following road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom 1992–1999: the results of the co-operative crash injury study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;23:143–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fabian TC, Richardson JD, Croce M, et al. Prospective study of blunt injury: multicenter trial of the American Association for surgery of Trauma. J Trauma. 1997;42:374–380.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Parmley LF, Mattingly TW, Manion WC, et al. Nonpenetrating traumatic injury of the aorta. Circulation. 1958;17:1086–1101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Duan Y, Smith CE, Como JJ. Anesthesia for major cardiothoracic trauma. In: Wilson WC, Grande CM, Hoyt DB, eds. Trauma: Resuscitation, Anesthesia, and Critical Care. New York: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Schmoker JD, Lee CH, Taylor RG, et al. A novel model of blunt thoracic aortic injury: a mechanism confirmed? J Trauma. 2008;64(4):923–931.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ben-Menachem Y. Rupture of the thoracic aorta by broad side impacts in road traffic and other collisions: further angiographic observations and preliminary autopsy findings. J Trauma. 1993;35:363–367.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kodali S, Jamieson WRE, Leia-Stephens M, Miyagishima RT, Janusz MT, Tyers GFO. Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: A 20-year review: 1969–1989. Circulation. 1991;84(Suppl III):III40–III46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hirose H, Moore E. Delayed presentation and rupture of a posttraumatic innominate artery aneurysm: case report and review of the literature. J Trauma. 1997;42:1187–1195.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Malm JR, Deterling RH. Traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta simulating coarctation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1960;40:271–278.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bickell WH, Wall MJ, Pepe PE, et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1105–1109.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mattox KL, Bickell WH, Pepe PE. Prospective, randomized evaluation of antishock MAST in post traumatic hypotension. J Trauma. 1986;26:779–786.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors, Student Course Manual. 8th ed. Chicago: American College of Surgeons; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kouchoukos NT, Blackstone EH, Doty DB, Hanley FL, Karp RB. Acute traumatic aortic dissection. In: Kirklin JW, Barrat B, eds. Cardiac Surgery. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Eddy CA, Rush VW, Marchioro T, Ashbaugh D, Verrier ED, Dillard D. Treatment of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. Arch Surg. 1990;125:1351–1355.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Wall MJ, Storey JH, Mattox KL. Indications for thoracotomy. In: Mattox KL, Feliciano DV, Moore EE, eds. Trauma. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000:473–482.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Aydin NB, Moon MC, Gill I. Cardiac and great vessel trauma. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:260–278.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mirvis SE, Bidwell JK, Buddemeyer EU, et al. Value of chest radiography in excluding traumatic aortic rupture. Radiology. 1987;163:487–196.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mirvis SE, Shanmuganathan K, Buell J, et al. Use of spiral computed tomography for the assessment of blunt trauma patients with potential aortic injury. J Trauma. 1998;45:922–930.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Downing SW, Sperling JS, Mirvis SE, et al. Experience with spiral computed tomography as the sole diagnostic method for traumatic aortic rupture. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:495–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Demetriades D, Velmahos GC, Scalea TM, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of blunt thoracic aortic injuries: changing perspectives. J Trauma. 2008;64(6):1415–1418.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. La Berge JM, Jeffrey RB. Aortic lacerations: fatal complications of thoracic aortography. Radiology. 1987;165:367–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kram HB, Wohlmuth DA, Appel PL, Shoemaker WC. Clinical and radiographic indications for aortography in blunt chest trauma. J Vasc Surg. 1987;6:168–176.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Cohn SM, Burns GA, Jaffe C, Milner KA. Exclusion of aortic tear in the unstable trauma patient: the utility of transesophageal echocardiography. J Trauma. 1995;39:1087–1090.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ben-Menachem Y. Assessment of blunt aortic-­brachiocephalic trauma: should angiography be ­supplanted by transesophageal echocardiography? J Trauma. 1997;42:969–972.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Goarin JP, Cluzel P, Gosgnach M, et al. Evaluation of Transesophageal echocardiography for diagnosis of traumatic aortic injury. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:1373–1377.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Smith MD, Cassidy M, Souther S, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the aorta. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:356–362.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Vignon P, Boncoeur MP, Francois B, et al. Comparison of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography and contrast-enhanced helical CT in the diagnosis of blunt traumatic cardiovascular injuries. Anesthesiology. 2001;94:615–622.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Fattori R, Celletti F, Bertaccini P, et al. Delayed surgery of traumatic aortic rupture; role of magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 1996;94:2865–2870.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Langanay T, De Latour B, Leguerrier A. Surgical treatment of an acute isthmus traumatic rupture. In: Rousseau H, Verhoye JP, Heautot JF, eds. Thoracic Aortic Diseases. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer; 2006:319–329.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Peltz M, Douglass DS, Meyer DM, et al. Hypothermic circulatory arrest for repair of injuries of the thoracic aorta and great vessels. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2006;5(5):560–565.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Johnston RH Jr, Wall MJ, Mattox KL. Innominate artery trauma: a thirty year experience. J Vasc Surg. 1993;17:134–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Graham JM, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Beall AC Jr. Innominate vascular injury. J Trauma. 1982;22:647–655.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Von Opell UO, De Groot MK, Zilla P. Traumatic aortic rupture: twenty-year meta analysis of mortality and risk of paraplegia. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58:585–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Jahromi AS, Safar HA, Doobay B, Clina CS. Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: cohort study and systematic review. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:1029–1034.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gleason TG, Benjamin LC. Conventional open repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2007;19:110–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kahn RA, Stone ME, Moskowitz DM. Anesthetic consideration for descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007;11(3):205–223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Whitson BA, Nath DS, Knudtson JR, McGonigal MD, Shumway SJ. Is distal aortic perfusion in traumatic thoracic aortic injuries necessary to avoid paraplegic postoperative outcomes? J Trauma. 2008;64(1):115–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Lebl DR, Dicker RA, Spain DA, Brundage SI. Dramatic shift in the primary management of traumatic thoracic aortic rupture. Arch Surg. 2006;141(2):177–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Downing SW, Cardarelli MG, Sperling J, et al. Heparinless partial cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of aortic trauma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:1104–1111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. O’Connor CJ, Rothenberg DM. Anesthetic considerations for descending thoracic aortic surgery: part II. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1995;9:734–747.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ling E, Arellano R. Systematic overview of the evidence supporting the use of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery for prevention of paraplegia. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:1115–1122.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Katz NM, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Karp RB. Incremental risk factors for spinal cord injury following operation for acute traumatic aortic transection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1981;81:669–674.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hochheiser GM, Morton JR. Operative technique, paraplegia, and mortality after blunt traumatic aortic injury. Arch Surg. 2002;137:434–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Simpson JI, Eide TR, Newman SB, et al. Trimetaphan versus sodium nitroprusside for the control of proximal hypertension during thoracic aortic cross clamping: the effects on spinal cord ischemia. Anesth Analg. 1996;82:68–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Pierangeli A, Turinetto B, Galli R, Caldarera R, Fattori R, Gavelli G. Delayed treatment of isthmic aortic rupture. Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;8:280–283.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Langanay T, Verhoye JP, Corbineau H, et al. Surgical treatment of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: timing reappraisal. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21:282–287.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Maggisano R, Nathens A, Alexandrova N. Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: should one always operate immediately? Ann Vasc Surg. 1995;9:44–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Holmes JH, Bloch RD, Hall RA, Carter YM, Karmy-Jones RC. Natural history of traumatic rupture of thoracic aorta managed non-operatively: a longitudinal analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1149–1154.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kato N, Dake MD, Miller DC, et al. Traumatic thoracic aortic aneurysm: treatment with endovascular stent-grafts. Radiology. 1997;205(3):657–662.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Rousseau H, Soula P, Perreault P, et al. Delayed treatment of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta with endoluminal covered stent. Circulation. 1999;99(4):498–504.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kasirajan K, Heffernan D, Langsfeld M. Acute thoracic aortic trauma: a comparison of endoluminal stent grafts with open repair and nonoperative management. Ann Vasc Surg. 2003;17:589–595.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Peterson BG, Matsumura JS, Morasch MD, West MA, Eskandari MK. Percutaneous endovascular repair of blunt thoracic aortic transection. J Trauma. 2005;59(5):1062–1065.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lachat M, Pfammatter T, Witzke H, et al. Acute traumatic aortic rupture: early stent-graft repair. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21(6):959–963.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fattori R, Napoli G, Lovato L, et al. Indications for, timing of, and results of catheter-based treatment of traumatic injury to the aorta. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179(3):603–609.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Alsac JM, Boura B, Desgranges P, et al. Immediate endovascular repair for acute traumatic injuries of the thoracic aorta: a multicenter analysis of 28 cases. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(6):1369–1374.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. McPhee JT, Asham EH, Rohrer MJ, et al. The midterm results of stent graft treatment of thoracic aortic injuries. J Surg Res. 2007;138(2):181–188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Uzieblo M, Sanchez LA, Rubin BG, et al. Endovascular repair of traumatic descending thoracic aortic disruptions: should endovascular therapy become the gold standard? Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;38:331–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Marty-Ané CH, Berthet JP, Branchereau P, Mary H, Alric P. Endovascular repair for acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1803–1807.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Fayad A. Thoracic endovascular stent graft with a bird’s beak sign. Can J Anaesth. 2008;55:785–786.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Rousseau H, Dambrin C, Marcheix B, et al. Acute traumatic aortic rupture: a comparison of surgical and stent-graft repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129(5):1050–1055.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Noor N, Sadat U, Hayes PD, Thompson MM, Boyle JR. Management of the left subclavian artery during endovascular repair of thethoracic aorta. J Endovasc Ther. 2008;15(2):168–176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hausegger KA, Oberwalder P, Tiesenhausen K, et al. Intentional left subclavian artery occlusion by thoracic aortic stent-grafts without surgical transposition. J Endovasc Ther. 2001;8(5):472–476.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Buz S, Zipfel B, Mulahasanovic S, Pasic M, Weng Y, Hetzer R. Conventional surgical repair and endovascular treatment of acute traumatic aortic rupture. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33(2):143–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Day CP, Buckenham TM. Outcomes of endovascular repair of acute thoracic aortic injury: interrogation of the New Zealand thoracic aortic stent database (NZ TAS). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;36(5):530–534.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Devitt JH, McLean RF, Koch JP. Anaesthetic management of acute blunt thoracic trauma. Can J Anaesth. 1991;38:506–510.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Steele EA, Soran D, Marciniak D, Smith CE. Monitoring the trauma patient. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:81–100.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Morgan BC, Martin WE, Hornbein TF, Crawford EW, Guntheroth WG. Hemodynamic effects of positive pressure ventilation. Anesthesiology. 1966;27:584–590.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Jardin F, Delorme G, Hardy A, AUvert B, Beuchet A, Bourdarias JP. Reevaluation of hemodynamic consequences of positive pressure ventilation: emphasis on cyclic right ventricular afterloading by mechanical lung inflation. Anesthesiology. 1990;72:966–970.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Jardin F, Farcot JC, Gueret P, Prost JF, Ozier Y, Bourdarias JP. Cyclical changes in arterial pulse pressure during respiratory support. Circulation. 1983;68:266–274.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Michard F, Teboul JL. Using heart-lung interactions to assess fluid responsiveness during mechanical ventilation. Crit Care. 2000;4:282–289.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Coriat P, Vrillon M, Perel A, Baron JF, et al. A comparison of systolic pressure variations and echocardiographic measurements of end-diastolic left ventricular size in patients after aortic surgery. Anesth Analg. 1994;78:46–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kramer A, Zygun D, Hawes H, Easton P, Ferland A. Pulse pressure variation predicts fluid responsiveness following coronary artery bypass surgery. Chest. 2004;126(5):1563–1568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Tavernier B, Makhotine O, Lebuffe G, Dupont J, Scherpereel P. Systolic pressure variation as a guide to fluid therapy in patients with sepsis-induced hypotension. Anesthesiology. 1998;89(6):1313–1321.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Perel A, Pizov R, Cotev S. The systolic pressure variation is a sensitive indicator of hypovolemia in ventilated dogs subjected to graded hemorrhage. Anesthesiology. 1987;67:498–502.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Rooke GA, Schwid HA, Shapira Y. The effects of graded hemorrhage and intravascular volume replacement on systolic pressure variation in humans during spontaneous mechanical variation. Anesth Analg. 1995;80:925–932.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Preisman S, DiSegni E, Vered Z, Perel A. Left ventricular preload and function during graded hemorrhage and retransfusion in pigs: analysis of arterial pressure waveform and correlation with echocardiography. Br J Anaesth. 2002;88:716–718.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Berkenstadt H, Friedman Z, Preisman S, Keidan I, Livingstone D, Perel A. Pulse pressure and stroke volume variations during severe haemorrhage in ventilated dogs. Br J Anaesth. 2005;94(6):721–726.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Moomey CB, Fabian TC, Croce MA, et al. Determinants of myocardial performance after blunt chest trauma. J Trauma. 1998;45:988–996.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Royse C, Royse A. Use of echocardiography and ultrasound in trauma. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:514–2.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kneeshaw JD. Transoesophageal echocardiograpgy (TOE) in the operating room. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97:77–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Swaminathan M, Lineberger CK, McCann RL, Mathew JP. The importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:1566–1572.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Dobson G, Petrasek P, Alvarez N. Transesophageal echocardiography enhances endovascular stent placement in traumatic transection of the thoracic aorta. Can J Anaesth. 2004;51:9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Deogaonkar A, Gupta R, DeGeorgia M, et al. Bispectral index monitoring correlates with sedation scales in brain-injured patients. Crit Care Med. 2004;32:2545–2546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Paul DB, Umamaheswara Rao GS. Correlation of bispectral index with Glasgow coma score in mild and moderate head injuries. J Clin Monit Comput. 2006;20:399–404.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Bevacqua B, Kazdan D. Is more information better? Intraoperative recall with a Bispectral Index monitor in place. Anesthesiology. 2003;99:507–508.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Mychaskiw G, Horowitz M, Sachdev V, Heath BJ. Explicit intraoperative recall at a bispectral index of 47. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:808–809.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Mahla M. Neurologic monitoring. In: Cucchiara RF, ed. Clinical Neuroanesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1998:125–176.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Mahla M, Black S, Cucchiara RF. Neurologic monitoring. In: Miller R, ed. Miller’s Anesthesia. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2005:1511–1550.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Murkin JM et al. Monitoring brain oxygen saturation during coronary bypass surgery: a randomized, prospective study. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:51–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Dunham CM et al. Correlation of noninvasive cerebral oximetry with cerebral perfusion in the severe heads injured patient: a pilot study. J Trauma. 2002;52(1):40–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Dunham CM et al. Cerebral hypoxia in severely brain injured patients is associated with admission Glasgow Coma Score, CT severity, cerebral ­perfusion pressure, and survival. J Trauma. 2004;56(3):482–491.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Rodriguez-Lopez JM, Sanchez-Conde P, Lozano FS, et al. Effects of propofol on the systemic inflammatory response during aortic surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2006;53:701–710.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Annecke T, Kubitz JC, Kahr S, et al. Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on ischaemia-reperfusion injury after thoracic-aortic occlusion in pigs. Br J Anaesth. 2007;98:581–590.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Mahoney PH, McFarland CC. Field anesthesia and military injury. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:343–359.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Buffolo E, Fonseca JHP, Souza JAM, Alves CMR. Revolutionary treatment of aneurysms and dissections of the descending aorta: the endovascular approach. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74:S1815–S1817.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Plaschke K, Boeckler D, Schumacher H, et al. Adenosine-induced cardiac arrest and EEG changes in patients with thoracic aorta endovascular repair. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96:310–316.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Kahn RA, Marin ML, Hollier L, Parsons R, Griepp R. Induction of ventricular fibrillation to facilitate endovascular stent graft repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Anesthesiology. 1998;88:534–536.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Weigand MA, Motsch J, Bardenheuer HJ. Adenosine-induced transient cardiac arrest for placement of endovascular stent-grafts in the thoracic aorta. Anesthesiology. 1998;89:1037.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Kanellakos GW, Slinger P. Intraoperative one-ling ventilation for trauma anesthesia. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:300–313.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, et al. SAFE study investigators: a comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(22):2247–2256.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Novikov M, Smith CE. Fluid and blood therapy in trauma. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:101–120.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Adjuvant Therapies (Approved by the House of Delegates on October 22, 1995 and last amended on October 25, 2005). An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Adjuvant therapies. Available at http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/BCTGuidesFinal_OnlinePDF.pdf

  105. Hardy JF, de Moerloose P, Samama M. and members of the Groupe d’intérêt en Hémostase Périopératoire Massive transfusion and coagulopathy: pathophysiology and implications for clinical management. Can J Anaesth. 2004;51:293–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Naik VN, Mazer CD, Latter DA, et al. Successful treatment using recombinant factor VIIa for severe bleeding post cardiopulmonary bypass. Can J Anaesth. 2003;50:599–602.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Goskowicz R, Harrell JH, Roth DM. Intraoperative diagnosis of torsion of the left lung after repair of a disruption of the descending thoracic aorta. Anesthesiology. 1997;87:164–166.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Smith CE, Yamat RA. Avoiding hypothermia in the trauma patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2000;13:167–174.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Soreide E, Smith CE. Hypothermia in trauma. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:445–464.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Dhir S, Ganapathy S. Trauma and regional anesthesia. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:471–498.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Ryan D, Tabbaa K. Posttrauma chronic pain. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:544–568.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Kehlet H. The surgical stress response: should it be prevented? Can J Surg. 1991;34:565–567.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Rosenberg A, Albert DB, Bernstein RL. Regional anesthesia for orthopaedic trauma. Probl Anesth. 1994;8(3):426–444.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Orliaguet G, Carli P. Thoracic blocks. In: Rosenberg AD, Grande CM, Bernstein RL, eds. Pain Management and Regional Anesthesia in Trauma. London: WB Saunders; 1999:239–251.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Kavanagh BP, Katz J, Sandler AN. Pain control after thoracic surgery: a review of current techniques. Anesthesiology. 1994;81:737–759.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Mackersie RC, Shackford SR, Hoyt DB, et al. Continuous epidural fentanyl analgesia: ventilatory function improvement with routine use in treatment of blunt chest trauma. J Trauma. 1987;27:1207–1212.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Shulman M, Sandler AN, Bradley JW, et al. Post thoracotomy pain and pulmonary function following epidural and systemic morphine. Anesthesiology. 1984;61:569–575.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Moon MR, Luchette FA, Gibson SW, et al. Prospective, randomized comparison of epidural versus parenteral opioid analgesia in thoracic trauma. Ann Surg. 1999;229:684–692.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  119. Grass JA. Surgical outcome: regional anesthesia and analgesia versus general anesthesia. Anesthesiol Rev. 1993;10:117–125.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Conacher ID. Thoracic anesthesia: post-thoracotomy analgesia. Anesthesiol Clin N Am. 2001;19:611–625.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Dhir S, Velayutham V, Ganapathy S. Pharmacologic management of acute pain in trauma. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:528–543.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Mattox K, Wall MJ. Historical review of blunt injury to the thoracic aorta. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2000;10:167–182.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Pretre R, Chilcott M. Blunt trauma to the heart and great vessels. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(9):626–632.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Oxorn D, Edelist G, Smith MS. An introduction to transoesophageal echocardiography: II. Clinical applications. Can J Anaesth. 1996;43:278–294.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Michard F, Teboul JL. Respiratory changes in arterial pressure in mechanically ventilated patients. In: Vincent JL, ed. Yearbook of Intensive care and Emergency Medicine. Berlin: Springer; 2000:696–704.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Dutton RP. Shock management. In: Smith CE, ed. Trauma Anesthesia. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008:55–68.

    Google Scholar 

  127. May TJ, Greilich PE. Cerebral oximetry in cardiac surgery. Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Newsletter. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Repine TB, Perkins JG, Kauvar DS, Blackborne L. The use of fresh whole blood in massive transfusion. J Trauma. 2006;60:S59–S69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA

    Charles E. Smith

Authors
  1. Charles E. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Donn Marciniak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles E. Smith .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, Clinical Assistant Professor, Pittsburgh, 15213-2582, Pennsylvania, USA

    Kathirvel Subramaniam

  2. Physician Director of Perioperative Serv, Professor of Clinical Anesthesia and of, Associate Vice President, Columbus, 43210, Ohio, USA

    Kyung W. Park

  3. Harvard Medical School, Director, Division of Cardiovascular Ane, Assistant Professor in Anesthesia, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA

    Balachundhar Subramaniam

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith, C.E., Marciniak, D. (2011). Comprehensive Management of Patients with Traumatic Aortic Injury. In: Subramaniam, K., Park, K., Subramaniam, B. (eds) Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Aortic Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85922-4_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85922-4_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-85921-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-85922-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation