Research on CEWs has involved both animals and humans. Multiple investigators have conducted extensive, detailed and complex experimental studies on animal models, as well as human volunteer subjects to measure, monitor, and determine the physiologic effects of CEWs. The findings and results of these animal and human experimental studies have varied and, as a result, the conclusions drawn by investigators as well as other experts have been inconsistent and at times in wide disagreement.
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Chan, T.C., Vilke, G.M. (2009). CEW Research Models: Animal and Human Studies. In: Ho, J., Kroll, M. (eds) TASERĀ® Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology, and Law. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85475-5_8
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